.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

Third edition

New York ; Boston ; Dordrecht ; London ; Moscow : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, [2000]

xii, 785 stran : ilustrace ; 27 cm

ISBN 0-306-46338-5 (vázáno)

Physics of solids and liquids

Obsahuje bibliografii na stranách 765-775 a rejstříky

001640590

1. Introductory Material 1 // 1.1. Harmonic Oscillators and Phonons 1 // 1.2. Second Quantization for Particles 11 // 1.3. Electron-Phonon Interactions 26 // 1.3.1. Interaction Hamiltonian 27 // 1.3.2. Localized Electron 29 // 1.3.3. Deformation Potential 31 // 1.3.4. Piezoelectric Interaction 32 // 1.3.5. Polar Coupling 34 // 1.4. Spin Hamiltonians 36 // 1.4.1. Homogeneous Spin Systems 38 // 1.4.2. Impurity Spin Models 43 // 1.5. Photons 48 // 1.5.1. Gauges 49 // 1.5.2. Lagrangian 53 // 1.5.3. Hamiltonian 55 // 1.6. Pair Distribution Function 58 // Problems 62 // 2. Green’s Functions at Zero Temperature 65 // 2.1. Interaction Representation 66 // 2.1.1. Schrödinger 66 // 2.1.2. Heisenberg 66 // 2.1.3. Interaction 67 // 2.2. S Matrix 70 // 2.3. Green’s Functions 71 // 2.4. Wick’s Theorem 76 // 2.5. Feynman Diagrams 81 // 2.6. Vacuum Polarization Graphs 83 // 2.7. Dyson’s Equation 86 // 2.8. Rules for Constructing Diagrams 90 // 2.9. Time-Loop S Matrix 95 // 2.9.1. Six Green’s Functions 96 // 2.9.2. Dyson’s Equation 99 // 2.10. Photon Green’s Functions 102 // Problems 106 // 3. Nonzero Temperatures 109 // 3.1. Introduction 109 // 3.2. Matsubara Green’s Functions 112 // 3.3. Retarded and Advanced Green’s Functions 118 // 3.4. Dyson’s Equation 128 // 3.5. Frequency Summations 136 // 3.6. Linked Cluster Expansions 142 // 3.6.1. Thermodynamic Potential 142 // 3.6.2. Green’s Functions 152 // 3.7. Real-Time Green’s Functions 154 // 3.7.1. Wigner Distribution Function 157 // 3.8. Kubo Formula for Electrical Conductivity 160 // 3.8.1. Transverse Fields, Zero Temperature 163 // 3.8.2. Nonzero Temperatures 168 // 3.8.3. Zero Frequency 170 // 3.8.4. Photon Self-Energy 173 // 3.9. Other Kubo Formulas 174 // 3.9.1. Pauli Paramagnetic Susceptibility 174 // 3.9.2. Thermal Currents and Onsager Relations 177 // 3.9.3. Correlation Functions 181 // Problems 183 //

4. Exactly Solvable Models 187 // 4.1. Potential Scattering 187 // 4.1.1. Reaction Matrix 189 // 4.1.2. T Matrix 192 // 4.1.3. Friedei’s Theorem 195 // 4.1.4. Impurity Scattering 199 // 4.1.5. Ground State Energy 204 // 4.2. Localized State in the Continuum 207 // 4.3. Independent Boson Models 218 // 4.3.1. Solution by Canonical Transformation 218 // 4.3.2. Feynman Disentangling of Operators 221 // 4.3.3. Einstein Model 224 // 4.3.4. Optical Absorption and Emission 228 // 4.3.5. Sudden Switching 236 // 4.3.6. Linked Cluster Expansion 241 // 4.4. Bethe Lattice 247 // 4.4.1. Electron Green’s Function 247 // 4.4.2. Ising Model 251 // 4.5. Tomonaga Model 256 // 4.5.1. Tomonaga Model 257 // 4.5.2. Spin Waves 262 // 4.5.3. Luttinger Model 264 // 4.5.4. Single-Particle Properties 267 // 4.5.5. Interacting System of Spinless Fermions 272 // 4.6. Polaritons 276 // 4.6.1. Semiclassical Discussion 276 // 4.6.2. Phonon-Photon Coupling 278 // 4.6.3. Exciton-Photon Coupling 282 // Problems 291 // 5. Homogeneous Electron Gas 295 // 5.1. Exchange and Correlation 295 // 5.1.1. Kinetic Energy 297 // 5.1.2. Hartree 297 // 5.1.3. Exchange 297 // 5.1.4. Seitz’s Theorem 301 // 5.1.5. S(2fl) 303 // 5.1.6. lP-b) 304 // 5.1.7. Z(2c) 305 // 5.1.8. High-Density Limit 306 // 5.1.9. Pair Distribution Function 308 // 5.2. Wigner Lattice 311 // 5.3. Metallic Hydrogen 315 // 5.4. Linear Screening 316 // 5.5. Model Dielectric Functions 323 // 5.5.1. Thomas-Fermi 323 // 5.5.2. Lindhard, or RPA 325 // 5.5.3. Hubbard 336 // 5.5.4. Singwi-Sjölander 338 // 5.5.5. Local Field Corrections 341 // 5.5.6. Vertex Corrections 343 // 5.6. Properties of the Electron Gas 346 // 5.6.1. Pair Distribution Function 346 // 5.6.2. Screening Charge 346 // 5.6.3. Correlation Energies 347 // 5.6.4. Compressibility 352 // 5.6.5. Pauli Paramagnetic Susceptibility 356 // 5.7. Sum Rules 358 //

5.8. One-Electron Properties 362 // 5.8.1. Renormalization Constant ZF 365 // 5.8.2. Effective Mass 368 // 5.8.3. Mean-Free-Path 369 // Problems 372 // 6. Strong Correlations 375 // 6.1. Kondo Model 375 // 6.1.1. High-Temperature Scattering 376 // 6.1.2. Low-Temperature State 383 // 6.1.3. Kondo Temperature 387 // 6.1.4. Kondo Resonance 387 // 6.2. Single-Site Anderson Model 389 // 6.2.1. No Hybridization 391 // 6.2.2. With Hybridization 395 // 6.2.3. Self-Energy of Electrons 396 // 6.3. Hubbard Model 403 // 6.3.1. Spin and Charge Separation 404 // 6.3.2. Exchange Graphs 409 // 6.4. Hubbard Model: Magnetic Phases 411 // 6.4.1. Ferromagnetism 413 // 6.4.2. Antiferromagnetism 416 // 6.4.3. An Example 422 // 6.4.4. Local Field Corrections 427 // Problems 430 // 7. Electron-Phonon Interaction 433 // 7.1. Fröhlich Hamiltonian 433 // 7.1.1. Brillouin-Wigner Perturbation Theory 434 // 7.1.2. Rayleigh-Schrödinger Perturbation Theory 438 // 7.1.3. Strong Coupling Theory 444 // 7.1.4. Linked Cluster Theory 448 // 7.2. Small Polaron Theory 454 // 7.2.1. Large Polarons 455 // 7.2.2. Small Polarons 456 // 7.2.3. Diagonal Transitions 458 // 7.2.4. Nondiagonal Transitions 459 // 7.2.5. Kubo Formula 463 // 7.3. Heavily Doped Semiconductors 467 // 7.3.1. Screened Interaction 468 // 7.3.2. Experimental Verifications 474 // 7.3.3. Electron Self-Energies 475 // 7.4. Metals 481 // 7.4.1. Phonons in Metals 482 // 7.4.2. Electron Self-Energies 487 // Problems 495 // 8. dc Conductivities 499 // 8.1. Electron Scattering by Impurities 499 // 8.1.1. Boltzmann Equation 499 // 8.1.2. Kubo Formula: Approximate Solution 505 // 8.1.3. Ward Identities 514 // 8.2. Mobility of Fröhlich Polarons 517 // 8.3. Electron-Phonon Relaxation Times 524 // 8.3.1. Metals 526 // 8.3.2. Semiconductors 527 // 8.3.3. Temperature Relaxation 531 // 8.4. Electron-Phonon Interactions in Metals 534 //

8.4.1. Force-Force Correlation Function 534 // 8.4.2. Kubo Formula 537 // 8.4.3. Mass Enhancement 545 // 8.4.4. Thermoelectric Power 545 // 8.5. Quantum Boltzmann Equation 549 // 8.5.1. Derivation of the QBE 550 // 8.5.2. Gradient Expansion 554 // 8.5.3. Electron Scattering by Impurities 557 // 8.6. Quantum Dot Tunneling 561 // 8.6.1. Electron Tunneling 561 // 8.6.2. Quantum Dots 567 // 8.6.3. Rate Equations 571 // 8.6.4. Quantum Conductance 575 // Problems 576 // 9. Optical Properties of Solids 579 // 9.1. Nearly Free-Electron Systems 579 // 9.1.1. General Properties 579 // 9.1.2. Force-Force Correlation Functions 581 // 9.1.3. Fröhlich Polarons 585 // 9.1.4. Interband Transitions 588 // 9.1.5. Phonons 590 // 9.2. Wannier Excitons 592 // 9.2.1. The Model 592 // 9.2.2. Solution by Green’s Functions 596 // 9.2.3. Core-Level Spectra 600 // 9.3. X-ray Spectra in Metals 603 // 9.3.1. Physical Model 603 // 9.3.2. Edge Singularities 607 // 9.3.3. Orthogonality Catastrophe 612 // 9.3.4. MND Theory 621 // 9.3.5. XPS Spectra 624 // Problems 626 // 10, Superconductivity 627 // 10.1. Cooper Instability 628 // 10.1.1. BCS Theory 635 // 10.2. Superconducting Tunneling 644 // 10.2.1. Normal-Superconductor 645 // 10.2.2. Two Superconductors 648 // 10.2.3. Josephson Tunneling 652 // 10.2.4. Infrared Absorption 660 // 10.3. Strong Coupling Theory 664 // 10.4. Transition Temperature 670 // Problems 674 // 11. Superfluids 677 // 11.1. Liquid 4He 677 // 11.1.1. Hartree and Exchange 679 // 11.1.2. Bogoliubov Theory of 4He 682 // 11.1.3. Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order 686 // 11.1.4. Correlated Basis Functions 690 // 11.1.5. Experiments on nk 697 // 11.1.6. Bijl-Feynman Theory 702 // 11.1.7. Improved Excitation Spectra 707 // 11.1.8. Superfluidity 710 // 11.2. Liquid 3He 713 // 11.2.1. Fermi Liquid Theory 714 // 11.2.2. Experiments and Microscopic Theories 720 //

11.2.3. Interaction Between Quasiparticles: Excitations 723 // 11.2.4. Quasiparticle Transport 729 // 11.2.5. Superfluid 3He 735 // 11.3. Quantum Hall Effects 742 // 11.3.1. Landau Levels 742 // 11.3.2. Classical Hall Effect 745 // 11.3.3. Quantum Hall Effect 747 // 11.3.3.1. Fixed Density 749 // 11.3.3.2. Fixed Chemical Potential 749 // 11.3.3.3. Impurity Dominated 750 // 11.3.4. Laughlin Wave Function 752 // 11.3.5. Collective Excitations 757 // 11.3.5.1. Magnetorotons 757 // 11.3.5.2. Quasiholes 760 // Problems 761 // References 765 // Author Index // Subject Index 781