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EB

EB

ONLINE

[Praha] : Karolinum, 2021

1 online zdroj (142 stran)

ISBN 978-80-246-4587-2 (online ; pdf)

ISBN 978-80-246-4545-2 (print)

čeština

Učebnice je určena především studentům lékařských fakult. Přináší přehledné základní informace v celé šíři oboru – od vyšetřovacích metod, přes uroonkologii, litiázu, benigní hyperplázii prostaty až ke specializovanějším kapitolám, jakými jsou funkční urologie, andrologie a dětská urologie. Potřebné informace zde získají i rezidenti ve specializační přípravě v oborech chirurgie, gynekologie, nefrologie a všeobecného lékařství. Součástí textu jsou také přehledné tabulky s dávkováním antibiotik a schémata s principy vyšetřovacích a léčebných metod..

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Introduction 9 // 1. GENERAL UROLOGY 10 // 1.1 Urological symptoms 10 // 1.2 Special methods in urological diagnostics 13 // 1.2.1 Medical history and physical examination 13 // 1.2.2 Laboratory diagnostics 14 // 1.2.2.1 Urine examination 14 // 1.2.2.2 Blood tests 16 // 1.2.3 Imaging examinations 16 // 1.2.4 Urodynamic examination - seethe special chapter 19 // 1.3 Special methods of urological treatment 20 // 1.3.1 Catheterization 20 // 1.3.2 Endoscopy 21 // 1.3.3 Nephrostomy 23 // 1.3.4 Laparoscopy 23 // 1.3.5 Biopsy 23 // 1.4 Renal failure 24 // 1.4.1 Acute renal failure 24 // 1.4.2 Chronic renal failure 25 // 1.4.2.1 Division according to the degree of damage to the glomerular filtration capacity. 25 // 1.4.2.2 Treatment of chronic renal failure 26 // 2. CONGENITAL DEFECTS OF URINARY AND GENITAL TRACTS 29 // 2.1 Congenital defects of the bladder and kidneys 30 // 2.1.1 Congenital anomalies of kidneys 30 // 2.1.1.1 Deviations in kidney count, kidney volume, renal rotational anomalies, // kidney shape varieties 30 // 2.1.1.2 Position deviations of kidneys - renal dystopia (renal ectopia) 30 // 2.1.1.3 Renal dysplasia, renal hypoplasia and cystic kidney diseases 31 // 2.1.1.4 Abnormalities of renal calyces 31 // 2.1.2 Congenital defects of the renal pelvis and ureter 31 // 2.1.2.1 Congenital hydronephrosis 31 // 2.1.2.2 Megaureter 32 // 2.1.2.3 Supernumerary ureters 32 // 2.1.2.4 Ureterocele 33 // 2.1.2.5 Ectopic megaureter 33 // 2.1.2.6 Vesicoureteral (vesicorenal) reflux - VUR 33 // 2.1.2.7 Retrocaval ureter 34 // 2.13 Congenital anomalies of lower urinary tract (the urinary bladder and urachus) 34 // 2.2 Congenital anomalies of the male genitalia 34 // 2.2.1 Congenital anomalies of the male urethra 34 // 2.2.2 Cryptorchism 35 // 2.2.3 Phimosis 35 // 2.2.4 Hydrocele 36 // 2.2.5 Varicocele - See the chapter 8.2 Scrotal diseases 36 //

2.3 Disorders of sex development 36 // 2.4 Transsexualism 37 // 3. URINARY AND GENITAL TRACT INFECTIONS 39 // 3.1 Urinary tract infections in adults 41 // 3.2 Male genital tract infections 48 // 3.3 Urinary tract infections in children 50 // 3.4 Specific infections 50 // 3.4.1 Urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB) 50 // 3.4.2 Schistosomosis (schistosomiasis, bilharziasis) 51 // 3.4.3 Actinomycosis 52 // 4. UROLITHIASIS 54 // 4.1 Definition and occurrence 54 // 4.2 Etiopathogenesis - causative factors of urolithiasis and its types 54 // 4.3 Nomenclature 57 // 4.4 Clinical signs and diagnostics 57 // 4.5 Treatment of nephrolithiasis 60 // 4.6 Treatment of ureterolithiasis 61 // 4.7 Prevention of urolithiasis 62 // 4.8 Cystolithiasis 63 // 5. URO-ONCOLOGY 64 // 5.1 Introduction 64 // 5.2 Penile carcinoma (C60) 65 // 5.3 Prostate carcinoma (C61) 66 // 5.3.1 Clinical notes 66 // 5.3.2 Diagnosis 67 // 5.3.3 Treatment of prostate carcinoma 70 // 5.3.3.1 Locally confined prostatic carcinoma T1-2N0M0 70 // 5.3.3.2 Locally advanced prostatic carcinoma T3-4N0-1M0 72 // 5.3.3.3 Generalized prostatic carcinoma TXNXM1 72 // 5.3.4 Screening and early detection of prostate carcinoma 74 // 5.4 Testicular tumours(C 62) 74 // 5.4.1 Classification of testicular tumours 75 // 5.4.1.1 Histological classification 75 // 5.4.1.2 Clinical classification - by radiosensitivity 75 // 5.4.1.3 Characteristics of individual testicular tumours 75 // 5.4.2 Clinical notes 76 // 5.4.3 Treatment of testicular tumours 78 // 5.4.3.1 Seminomas 78 // 5.4.3.2 Non-seminomas 78 // 5.5 Cystic kidney disease 79 // 5.6 Kidney tumours 81 // 5.6.1 Clinical notes 81 // 5.6.2 Treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 82 // 5.6.2.1 Localized tumours 82 // 5.6.2.2 Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) 82 // 5.6.3 Treatment of other histological types of kidney tumours 83 // 5.7 Urothelial tumours 84 //

5.7.1 Urinary bladder tumours (C 67) 84 // 5.7.1.1 Clinical notes 84 // 5.7.1.2 Therapy 85 // 5.7.2 Urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis (C 65) and ureter (C 66) 88 // 5.8 Adrenal diseases 89 // 6. RETROPERITONEAL DISEASES 91 // 6.1 Upper urinary tract obstruction 91 // 6.2 Causes of ureteral obstruction 91 // 6.2.1 Vascular lesions 92 // 6.2.2 Benign diseases of the female reproductive system 92 // 6.2.3 Gastrointestinal diseases 92 // 6.2.4 Retroperitoneal tumours 92 // 6.2.5 Retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond’s disease) - RPF 93 // 7. LOWER URINARY TRACT DISEASES 94 // 7.1 Urodynamics 94 // 7.1.1 Urodynamics of the lower urinary tract 94 // 7.2 Neurogenic bladder 97 // 7.3 Urinary incontinence 101 // 7.4 Enuresis 104 // 7.5 Urinary fistulas 105 // 7.6 Benign prostatic hyperplasia - ??? 106 // 7.6.1 Pathology 107 // 7.6.2 Clinical signs 108 // 7.6.3 Examination 109 // 7.6.4 BPH treatment 109 // 8. NON-NEOPLASTIC DISEASES OF THE MALE GENITALIA 113 // 8.1 Penis diseases 113 // 8.1.1 Balanitis 113 // 8.1.2 Phimosis and paraphimosis 113 // 8.1.3 Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus 114 // 8.1.4 Condylomata accuminata 114 // 8.2 Scrotal diseases 114 // 8.2.1 Hydrocele 114 // 8.2.2 Varicocele 115 // 8.2.3 Spermatocele 116 // 8.2.4 Testicular torsion (or spermatic cord torsion) 116 // 8.2.5 Torsion of appendix testis or epididymis 116 // 8.3 Fracture of the penis 116 // 8.4 Urethral stricture 117 // 8.5 Urethritis 117 // 8.5.1 Acute urethritis 117 // 8.5.2 Chronic urethritis 119 // 9. ANDROLOGY 120 // 9.1 Hormonal control 120 // 9.2 Erection and ejaculation 121 // 9.3 Male infertility 124 // 9.4 Priapism 127 // 9.5 Health of the aging man 128 // 9.6 Induratio penis plastica (Morbus Peyronie) 128 //

10. UROGENITAL TRAUMA 130 // 10.1 Kidney trauma 130 // 10.2 Ureteral trauma 131 // 10.3 Bladder trauma 132 // 10.4 Urethral trauma 133 // 10.5 Penile trauma 134 // 10.6 Scrotal and testicular trauma 135 // 11. ACUTE UROLOGICAL CONDITIONS 136