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EB

EB

ONLINE

Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics, 2011

1 online zdroj

ISBN 9781492595175 (online)

ISBN 9780736074674 (print)

Advanced exercise physiology series

Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy

Advanced Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology uses a mix of biochemistry, molecular biology, neurophysiology, and muscle physiology to provide a synthesis of current knowledge and research directions in the field. The first text devoted solely to the topic, Advanced Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology assists readers in identifying current directions in research and new avenues for exploration. Recognizing the rapid changes occurring in the field of neuromuscular exercise physiology, the text provides readers with a foundation of knowledge while detailing the most recent findings. Though the text is written at an advanced level, the author succeeds at making the content accessible. Analyses of research findings and research applications are highlighted in special sidebars. Detailed illustrations and graphs assist readers in understanding research findings. Chapter summaries also help readers determine the key issues presented for each topic. The author draws attention to a variety of important topics in the field, beginning with a discussion of motor unit types, muscle blood flow, and metabolic pathways in control of metabolism, including a special discussion of the effects of type 2 diabetes. Next, the topic of fatigue is discussed. The author explains possible peripheral and central contributors to fatigue. Chapters 6 and 7 focus on whole-body endurance training, including the effects of aerobic endurance training on the protein profiles of muscle fibers and on the central nervous system. Of particular interest is the applicability of research information to the exercise rehabilitation of individuals with compromised nervous system function, such as spinal cord injury, other trauma, and neuromuscular diseases. (...).

* motor neurons

001657881

Chapter 1. Muscle Fibers, Motor Units, and Motoneurons ; Muscle Heterogeneity ; Orderly Motor Unit Recruitment ; Smaller Motoneurons Are More Excitable ; Membrane Resistivity and Motoneuron Size ; Other Factors Determining Action Potential Generation ; Minimal Firing Rates and Afterhyperpolarization Durations ; Motoneuron Current-Frequency Relationship and Excitability ; Late Adaptation ; Motoneuron PICs ; Summary -- Chapter 2. Motor Unit Recruitment During Different Types of Movements ; Measuring Human Motor Unit Recruitment ; Influence of Task ; Slow-Ramp Isometric Contractions ; Maintained Isometric Contractions ; Isometric Contractions in Various Directions ; Isometric Contractions Versus Movements ; Lengthening Contractions ; Cocontraction of Agonists and Antagonists ; Unilateral Versus Bilateral Contractions ; Rhythmic Complex Contractions ; MVCs ; Summary -- Chapter 3. Muscle Blood Flow and Metabolism ; Muscle Blood Flow ; Muscle Metabolism ; Summary -- Chapter 4. Peripheral Factors in Neuromuscular Fatigue ; Intramuscular Factors and Muscle Force ; Involvement of Structures Other Than Muscle ; Research From Animal Experiments ; Summary -- Chapter 5. Central Factors in Neuromuscular Fatigue ; Motoneuron Activity During Sustained Contractions ; Isometric Versus Anisometric Tasks ; Rotation of Motor Units? ; Summary -- Chapter 6. Muscular Mechansms in Aerobic Endurance Training ; Chronic Muscle Stimulation ; Coordination of Muscle Protein Systems ; Pretranslational Control ; Translational Control ; Posttranslational Modifications ; Simultaneous Expression of Isoforms ; Adaptations Can Occur Ex Vivo ; Adaptations Appear in a Specific Sequence ; Thresholds of Activity for Adaptation ; Chronic Stimulation and Atrophy ; Metabolic Signals and the Adaptive Response ; Degenerative and Regenerative Processes ; Summary --

Chapter 7. Neural Mechanisms in Aerobic Endurance Training ; Adaptation of the Neuromuscular Junction ; Adaptations to Endurance Training ; Responses of Motoneurons ; Adaptations of Spinal Cord Circuits ; Summary -- Chapter 8. Muscle Molecular Mechanisms in Strength Training ; Acute Responses in Protein Synthesis and Degradation ; Connective Tissue Responses ; Role of Muscle Damage ; Role of Dietary Supplements ; Summary -- Chapter 9. Muscle Property Changes in Strength Training ; Increased Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area ; Fiber Type Composition ; Muscle Fiber Number ; Muscle Composition ; Muscle Architecture ; Muscle Fiber Ultrastructure ; Evoked Isometric Contractile Properties ; Changes in Muscle Force, Velocity, and Power ; Fatigue Resistance ; Role of Eccentric Contractions ; Summary -- Chapter 10. Neural Mechanisms in Strength Training ; Gains in Strength Versus Muscle Girth ; Strength Gains Show Task Specificity ; Surface EMG Response During MVC ; Imaginary Strength Training ; Reflex Adaptations ; Cross Education ; Decreased Activation of Antagonists ; Changes in Motor Unit Recruitment ; Changes in Motor Cortex ; Summary