Preface: Europe vii // Introduction: Hitler and Stalin 1 // The Soviet famines 21 // Class terror 59 // National terror 89 // Molotov-Ribbentrop Europe 119 // The economics of apocalypse 155 // Final solution 187 // Holocaust and revenge 225 // The Nazi death factories 253 // Resistance and incineration 277 // Ethnic cleansings 313 // Stalinist anti-semitism 339 // Conclusion: humanity 379 // Numbers and Terms 409 // Abstract 415 // Acknowledgments 419 // Bibliography 423 // Notes 463 // Index 507