Tests and the challenge of linkage. Background. Committee’s approach. Drawing inferences from tests. Drawing inferences from linked tests -- Technical aspects of links. Constructing links. Common problems in links. Evaluating links. One final caution? -- Challenges of linking to NAEP. Distinct character of NAEP. Linking to NAEP. Challenges to the validity of linkage to NAEP -- Tests and testing in the United States : a picture of diversity. Types of tests. Test content. Testing in states and districts -- Conclusions. Factors that affect the validity of links. Conclusions. Future research.
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