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Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2018

1 online resource (312 pages)

ISBN 9783319696232 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9783319696225

Library of Public Policy and Public Administration Ser. ; v.11

Print version: Etzioni, Amitai Happiness Is the Wrong Metric Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2018 ISBN 9783319696225

Intro -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction -- Part I: What Makes a Good Life -- Chapter 1: Happiness Is the Wrong Metric -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Within History -- 1.3 The Rising Disconnect Between Income and Happiness -- 1.4 Maslow and "Higher" Satisfactions -- 1.4.1 The Hierarchy Revisited -- 1.4.2 Within History: Capping Versus Denial -- 1.5 Affirmation, Living Up to Moral Commitments -- 1.5.1 Introspection -- 1.5.2 Affirmation Defined -- 1.5.3 Affirming Behavior Is Painful, Not Pleasurable -- 1.5.4 Self-Centered Reductionists -- 1.5.5 Evidence of Affirming Behavior -- 1.5.6 Even in Economic Behavior -- 1.5.7 Codetermination -- 1.6 Preferences Socially Made, Can Be Socially Reconstructed -- 1.6.1 Well-Being: Much Better But Not Good Enough -- 1.7 Say It with Figures -- 1.7.1 Happiness: Asked and Answered -- 1.7.2 Life Satisfaction -- 1.7.3 Well-Being -- 1.7.4 Measuring Moral Behavior -- References -- Chapter 2: Bring Back the Moral Wrestler -- 2.1 Homo Economicus: Not a Wrestler -- 2.2 Homo Sapiens as Clueless -- 2.3 Be Happy -- 2.4 It Is All in Our Genes -- 2.5 Anthropology Liberates: But Engenders Cultural Relativism -- 2.6 Sociology: Collectivizing the Wrestle -- 2.7 Clinical Psychology: From Freud to Morally Neutral -- 2.8 Social Psychology: Powerful Narratives -- 2.9 In Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Human Nature -- Chapter 3: Crossing the Rubicon -- 3.1 From Given and Stable to Internally Modified -- 3.1.1 The Economists’ Treatment of Preference Formation -- 3.1.2 The Ultimate Caveat -- References -- Chapter 4: Moral Dialogues -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Baselines -- 4.3 Sociological Dialogue Starters -- 4.4 Megalogues -- 4.5 Distinct Attributes -- 4.6 Dramatization -- 4.7 Closure -- 4.8 Case Study -- 4.8.1 Baseline -- 4.8.2 Sociological Dialogue Starters -- 4.8.3 Billion-Hour Buzz -- 4.8.4 Dramatization -- 4.8.5 Closure.

12.2.2 Promoting the Good Life -- 12.2.3 Promoting Liberal Democracy -- 12.3 Working with Islam to Address Islam -- 12.4 In Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Defining Down Sovereignty -- 13.1 Sovereignty as a Keystone -- 13.1.1 Sovereignty Was Never Absolute -- 13.1.2 Defining Down Sovereignty: The Responsibility to Protect -- 13.1.3 How Far Is "Down"? -- 13.1.4 No Coercive Regime Change -- 13.1.5 The Duty to Prevent Transnational Terrorism -- References -- Chapter 14: The Case for Decoupled Armed Interventions -- 14.1 The Idealism, Right and Left -- 14.1.1 The Hubris -- 14.2 Criteria for Interventions -- 14.2.1 A Mental Experiment -- 14.2.2 Which Means? -- References -- Part VI: Science and Technology -- Chapter 15: Incorporating Ethics into Artificial Intelligence (with Oren Etzioni) -- 15.1 Smart Machines, Harm, and Ethical Self-Guidance -- 15.1.1 Reasons Smart Machines Are Said to Need Ethics ---

6.5.3 Income and Happiness -- 6.6 The Sisyphean Nature of Affluence -- 6.7 True Flourishing: A Communitarian, Postmodern Culture -- 6.7.1 The Contentment of Mutuality -- 6.7.2 Happiness from Community Involvement -- 6.7.3 Contentment from Transcendental Pursuits (Religious, Spiritual and Intellectual) -- 6.8 Contributions to Sustainability and Social Justice -- 6.8.1 Effect on Social Justice -- 6.8.1.1 Underlying Assumptions -- 6.8.1.2 Relevance for Attaining a Significantly Higher Level of Social Justice -- 6.8.1.3 The Reallocation Effects of Communal Bonds -- 6.8.1.4 The Role of Normative Content -- References -- Chapter 7: Nationalist Populism Is Not an Enemy -- 7.1 Populism: Definition and Causes -- 7.2 The Essentiality of Communities -- 7.3 Elements of Liberal Communitarianism -- 7.3.1 Limiting Free Trade? -- 7.3.2 Limiting Immigration? -- 7.3.3 Limiting Communities ---

15.1.3 Can Smart Machines Be Made into Moral Agents? -- 15.2 "Autonomous Machines," A Highly Misleading Term -- 15.2.1 How Autonomous Are Smart Machines? -- 15.2.2 When Smart Machines Stray -- 15.2.3 Partners, Not Free Standing Agents -- 15.3 The Main Ethical Implementing Factors: Legal and Personal -- 15.4 The Outlier Fallacy -- References -- Chapter 16: Pros and Cons of Autonomous Weapons Systems (with Oren Etzioni) -- 16.1 In Support of AWS -- 16.1.1 Military Advantages -- 16.1.2 Moral Justifications -- 16.2 Opposition to AWS -- 16.2.1 Opposition on Moral Grounds -- 16.2.2 Counter Arguments -- 16.2.3 Level of Autonomy -- 16.2.4 Defining Autonomy -- References -- Chapter 17: Robotic Care of Children, the Elderly, and the Sick (with Oren Etzioni) -- 17.1 The Demand for Humanoid Robots -- 17.2 Challenges -- 17.3 Introducing AI Caregivers -- 17.4 Substitute vs Partner? -- 17.5 Goal vs. Comparative Evaluation -- 17.6 Team Work -- 17.7 AI Caregivers Need Supervision: Like Humans -- 17.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18: Transforming the Active Orientation -- 18.1 A Brief History of the Active Orientation -- 18.1.1 Rising Doubts -- 18.2 A Fork in the Road? -- 18.2.1 Techno Optimism -- 18.2.2 Techno Pessimism -- 18.3 The Post-Affluence Society: A Third Way -- 18.3.1 The Triple Challenge and Social Justice -- 18.4 In Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19: Communitarian Bioethics -- 19.1 Earlier Treatments of Communitarian Bioethics -- 19.2 Society (Community) vs. State -- 19.2.1 Which Community? -- 19.2.2 Procedures and Criteria -- 19.2.3 Third Values -- 19.2.4 Social Justice: A Case Study -- 19.2.5 Add the Common Good -- References -- Acknowledgements.

7.3.6 Coping with Conflicts of Liberal and Communitarian Principles -- 7.4 In Conclusion -- References -- Part IV: Moral Issues Raised by Individual Rights -- Chapter 8: Free Speech Versus Safe Space -- 8.1 Reflecting a Profound Societal Design -- 8.1.1 Not Soft Censorship -- 8.1.2 Ban Hate Speech? -- 8.1.3 Microaggressions and "Check Your Privilege" -- References -- Chapter 9: The Right to Be Forgotten -- 9.1 Second Chances -- 9.2 A Hedged Right to Be Forgotten -- References -- Chapter 10: Back to the Pillory? -- References -- Chapter 11: Moral Triage -- 11.1 Out of the Boats -- 11.2 Exodus for a Chinese Activist -- 11.3 Squandering the Moral Voice -- References -- Part V: A Global Dimension -- Chapter 12: Talking with the Muslim World -- 12.1 One Challenge, Wrapped in a Bigger One -- 12.2 Components of US Normative Strategy -- 12.2.1 The Precariousness of Secularism ---

12.2.2 Promoting the Good Life -- 12.2.3 Promoting Liberal Democracy -- 12.3 Working with Islam to Address Islam -- 12.4 In Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Defining Down Sovereignty -- 13.1 Sovereignty as a Keystone -- 13.1.1 Sovereignty Was Never Absolute -- 13.1.2 Defining Down Sovereignty: The Responsibility to Protect -- 13.1.3 How Far Is "Down"? -- 13.1.4 No Coercive Regime Change -- 13.1.5 The Duty to Prevent Transnational Terrorism -- References -- Chapter 14: The Case for Decoupled Armed Interventions -- 14.1 The Idealism, Right and Left -- 14.1.1 The Hubris -- 14.2 Criteria for Interventions -- 14.2.1 A Mental Experiment -- 14.2.2 Which Means? -- References -- Part VI: Science and Technology -- Chapter 15: Incorporating Ethics into Artificial Intelligence (with Oren Etzioni) -- 15.1 Smart Machines, Harm, and Ethical Self-Guidance -- 15.1.1 Reasons Smart Machines Are Said to Need Ethics ---

15.1.2 Two Ways to Enable ’Smart’ Cars to Render Ethical Decisions.

6.5.3 Income and Happiness -- 6.6 The Sisyphean Nature of Affluence -- 6.7 True Flourishing: A Communitarian, Postmodern Culture -- 6.7.1 The Contentment of Mutuality -- 6.7.2 Happiness from Community Involvement -- 6.7.3 Contentment from Transcendental Pursuits (Religious, Spiritual and Intellectual) -- 6.8 Contributions to Sustainability and Social Justice -- 6.8.1 Effect on Social Justice -- 6.8.1.1 Underlying Assumptions -- 6.8.1.2 Relevance for Attaining a Significantly Higher Level of Social Justice -- 6.8.1.3 The Reallocation Effects of Communal Bonds -- 6.8.1.4 The Role of Normative Content -- References -- Chapter 7: Nationalist Populism Is Not an Enemy -- 7.1 Populism: Definition and Causes -- 7.2 The Essentiality of Communities -- 7.3 Elements of Liberal Communitarianism -- 7.3.1 Limiting Free Trade? -- 7.3.2 Limiting Immigration? -- 7.3.3 Limiting Communities ---

7.3.4 New Rights, More Empathy -- 7.3.5 Free Speech: Legal Rights and Moral Rightness.

15.1.3 Can Smart Machines Be Made into Moral Agents? -- 15.2 "Autonomous Machines," A Highly Misleading Term -- 15.2.1 How Autonomous Are Smart Machines? -- 15.2.2 When Smart Machines Stray -- 15.2.3 Partners, Not Free Standing Agents -- 15.3 The Main Ethical Implementing Factors: Legal and Personal -- 15.4 The Outlier Fallacy -- References -- Chapter 16: Pros and Cons of Autonomous Weapons Systems (with Oren Etzioni) -- 16.1 In Support of AWS -- 16.1.1 Military Advantages -- 16.1.2 Moral Justifications -- 16.2 Opposition to AWS -- 16.2.1 Opposition on Moral Grounds -- 16.2.2 Counter Arguments -- 16.2.3 Level of Autonomy -- 16.2.4 Defining Autonomy -- References -- Chapter 17: Robotic Care of Children, the Elderly, and the Sick (with Oren Etzioni) -- 17.1 The Demand for Humanoid Robots -- 17.2 Challenges -- 17.3 Introducing AI Caregivers -- 17.4 Substitute vs Partner? -- 17.5 Goal vs. Comparative Evaluation -- 17.6 Team Work -- 17.7 AI Caregivers Need Supervision: Like Humans -- 17.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18: Transforming the Active Orientation -- 18.1 A Brief History of the Active Orientation -- 18.1.1 Rising Doubts -- 18.2 A Fork in the Road? -- 18.2.1 Techno Optimism -- 18.2.2 Techno Pessimism -- 18.3 The Post-Affluence Society: A Third Way -- 18.3.1 The Triple Challenge and Social Justice -- 18.4 In Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19: Communitarian Bioethics -- 19.1 Earlier Treatments of Communitarian Bioethics -- 19.2 Society (Community) vs. State -- 19.2.1 Which Community? -- 19.2.2 Procedures and Criteria -- 19.2.3 Third Values -- 19.2.4 Social Justice: A Case Study -- 19.2.5 Add the Common Good -- References -- Acknowledgements.

4.9 Community Building and Power Structures -- 4.10 Relativism? -- References -- Chapter 5: Moral Effects of Teaching Economics -- 5.1 Typical Findings -- 5.1.1 Selection Effect? -- 5.1.2 Qualifications -- 5.2 In Conclusion -- 5.2.1 When It Comes to Ethics, B-Schools Get an F -- References -- Part III: Job Loss & -- Right Wing Populism -- Chapter 6: Job Collapse on the Way to New Athens -- 6.1 Job Collapse -- 6.1.1 Jobs Already Lost Due to Automation -- 6.1.2 Expected Future Job Losses -- 6.1.3 Luddite Fallacy? -- 6.1.4 Net Job Loss? -- 6.1.5 What Is to Be Done? -- 6.2 Education and Training for the Jobs of the Future -- 6.2.1 An Assessment -- 6.2.1.1 Education -- 6.2.1.2 Retraining -- 6.3 Basic Income and Social Safety Nets -- 6.3.1 An Assessment -- 6.4 Others -- 6.4.1 An Assessment -- 6.5 The New Athens -- 6.5.1 Historical "Precedents" -- 6.5.2 The Maslowian Exit ---

7.3.6 Coping with Conflicts of Liberal and Communitarian Principles -- 7.4 In Conclusion -- References -- Part IV: Moral Issues Raised by Individual Rights -- Chapter 8: Free Speech Versus Safe Space -- 8.1 Reflecting a Profound Societal Design -- 8.1.1 Not Soft Censorship -- 8.1.2 Ban Hate Speech? -- 8.1.3 Microaggressions and "Check Your Privilege" -- References -- Chapter 9: The Right to Be Forgotten -- 9.1 Second Chances -- 9.2 A Hedged Right to Be Forgotten -- References -- Chapter 10: Back to the Pillory? -- References -- Chapter 11: Moral Triage -- 11.1 Out of the Boats -- 11.2 Exodus for a Chinese Activist -- 11.3 Squandering the Moral Voice -- References -- Part V: A Global Dimension -- Chapter 12: Talking with the Muslim World -- 12.1 One Challenge, Wrapped in a Bigger One -- 12.2 Components of US Normative Strategy -- 12.2.1 The Precariousness of Secularism ---

001894577

express

(Au-PeEL)EBL5588963

(MiAaPQ)EBC5588963

(OCoLC)1066199751