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Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2015

1 online resource (457 pages)

ISBN 9783319175454 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9783319175447

Print version: Rafelski, Johann Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks - from Hagedorn Temperature to Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at CERN Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2015 ISBN 9783319175447

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Acronyms -- Part I Reminiscences: Rolf Hagedorn and Relativistic Heavy Ion Research -- 1 Spotlight on Rolf Hagedorn -- 1.1 Working with Hagedorn -- Meeting Hagedorn -- A Short Story About Hagedorn Temperature -- Hot Nuclear Matter in the Statistical Bootstrap Model -- Higher Level Computer Language -- Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions -- Strangeness and the Discovery of Quark-Gluon Plasma -- Retirement -- 1.2 The Righteous Man -- Helping Those in Need -- Le Chambon: A Short Story Outside the Physics Context -- 1.3 Rolf Hagedorn: Biographical Information -- Rolf Hagedorn Curriculum Vitae 1954 -- CERN Appointment -- CERN Obituary: Rolf Hagedorn 1919-2003 -- 2 Rolf Hagedorn: The Years Leading to TH -- 2.1 CERN Theory Division in 1960s -- 2.2 Hagedorn’s Path to and at CERN -- The War Years -- At Gottingen -- At CERN -- 2.3 Appreciation -- 3 Music and Science: Tribute to Rolf Hagedorn -- 3.1 Personal Remarks -- Visit to India -- Art and Music -- 3.2 Contribution to Research -- Thermal Particle Production -- Limiting Temperature -- Statistical Bootstrap Model -- 3.3 Active Retirement -- 4 On Hagedorn -- 4.1 In Times Past -- 4.2 Wide Field of Interests -- 4.3 Retrospective -- 5 Hungarian Perspective -- 5.1 Influence Spreads to Hungary -- 5.2 Memories by Istvan Montvay -- 5.3 Tamas Biro Grows up with Hagedorn -- 5.4 Hagedorn Remembered -- 6 The Tale of the Hagedorn Temperature -- 6.1 Particle Production -- 6.2 The Statistical Bootstrap Model -- 6.3 Quark-Gluon Plasma -- 7 The Legacy of Rolf Hagedorn: Statistical Bootstrap and Ultimate Temperature -- 7.1 Rolf Hagedorn -- 7.2 The Statistical Bootstrap -- 7.3 The Limiting Temperature of Hadronic Matter -- 7.4 Resonance Gas and QCD Thermodynamics -- 7.5 Resonance Gas and Heavy Ion Collisions.

23.4 Properties of Nuclear Matter in the Bootstrap Model -- The Different Phases -- Baryon Density in the Gaseous Phase -- Baryon Energy in the Gaseous Phase -- 23.5 Summary -- References -- 24 On a Possible Phase Transition Between Hadron Matter and Quark-Gluon Matter: 1981 -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 The Grand Canonical Pressure Partition Function -- Introduction -- How Shall We Use S(b,q,n)? -- 24.3 The Hadron Gas -- Introduction -- Digression: The Pointlike Hadron Gas -- The Real Hadron Gas -- Interpretation -- The Usual Thermodynamic Limit with Fixed V→∞ -- Hot Hadron Matter: No Fixed Volume -- 24.4 Conclusions -- References -- 25 How We Got to QCD Matter from the Hadron Side: 1984 -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Pre-bootstrap -- 25.3 Early Bootstrap -- The Bootstrap Idea -- Consequences -- Difficulties -- Early Developments -- Microcanonical Bootstrap -- Exact Analytical Solutions of the BE -- The Bootstrap Function -- The State of Affairs up to 1978 -- 25.4 The Phase Transition: Hadron Matter-Quark Matter -- Hadron Volumes -- References -- Part III Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks Heavy Ion Path to Quark-Gluon Plasma -- 26 How to Deal withRelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Collective Motions -- Useful Variables -- Momentum Distributions -- Determination of the Weight Function F(n,d0) -- Violations of the Postulates 1 and 2 -- (a) Transverse Collective Motions -- (b) Violation of Postulate 2 -- 26.3 Statistical Bootstrap Thermodynamics -- The Partition Function -- Interaction -- The Bootstrap Hypothesis -- The Singularity of the Partition Function: Baryon Conservation -- The Partition Function for Real (Extended) Particles -- Properties of the Real Hadron Gas -- Behaviour Near the Critical Curve -- 26.4 Is There Equilibrium in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collision? -- The Way to Equilibrium -- Expansion and Cooling.

7.6 Particle Yields and Canonical Charge Conservation -- 7.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 8 The Hagedorn Spectrum and the Dual Resonance Model: An Old Love Affair -- Preamble -- 8.1 A Surprise That Should Not Have Been One -- 8.2 From TH to the String -- 8.3 Crisis, Reinterpretations -- 8.4 Many Years Later … -- Conclusion -- 9 Hadronic Matter: The Moscow Perspective -- 9.1 The Beginning -- Cosmic Rays and Landau -- Multiperipheral Collisions -- 9.2 Hot Hadron Matter -- Photons and Leptons -- Quark-Gluon Plasma -- Cherenkov Radiation -- Correlations and Fluctuations -- Charm -- 9.3 Open Questions -- Appreciation -- References -- 10 Hagedorn Model of Critical Behavior: Comparison of Lattice and SBM Calculations -- 10.1 Rolf Hagedorn: Some Personal Impressions -- 10.2 Critical Behavior of Hadronic Matter -- Critical Curve from the Lattice Calculations -- Critical Curve from the Statistical Bootstrap Model -- Comparison of SBM and Lattice-QCD -- 10.3 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Hagedorn’s Hadron Mass Spectrum andthe Onset of Deconfinement -- 11.1 Hadron Mass Spectrum and the Hagedorn Temperature -- 11.2 Discovery of the Onset of Deconfinement -- References -- 12 Begin of the Search for the Quark-Gluon Plasma -- 12.1 The Beginning -- Bevalac and ISR -- SPS and RHIC Programs Take Shape -- 12.2 Quark-Gluon Plasma Discovered -- New Instrumentation -- Experiments -- 13 The Path to Heavy Ions at LHC and Beyond -- 13.1 Work at the Bevalac -- 13.2 …and at the SPS -- 13.3 How Heavy Ions Got into LHC and the ALICE Was Born -- 13.4 Future Facilities -- 13.5 Epilogue -- 14 A New Phase of Matter: Quark-Gluon Plasma Beyond the Hagedorn Critical Temperature -- 14.1 From Hagedorn to Quark-Gluon Plasma -- Deconfinement of Quarks and Gluons -- Lattice QCD Results -- Hot Nuclear Matter -- 14.2 Path to Discovery of the QGP -- QGP Observables -- SPS Results.

Where Is Landau, Where Are the Californian Bootstrappers? -- 17.5 Conclusion -- Post Scriptum -- References -- 18 About `Distinguishable Particles’ -- 18.1 Withdrawn Manuscript -- 18.2 Note by Rolf Hagedorn of 27 October 1964 -- 18.3 From Distinguishable Hadrons to SBM -- 18.4 Hagedorn Temperature as a General Physics Concept -- 19 Thermodynamics of Distinguishable Particles: A Key to High-Energy Strong Interactions? -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Statistical Thermodynamics of Distinguishable Particles -- 19.3 The Interpretation of the Model -- 19.4 Speculations on a More Realistic Model -- Angular Distribution and Multiplicity -- The Case of Nonzero Mass -- A Speculation on the Mass Spectrum of `Fireballs’ -- Elastic and Exchange Scattering -- A Logical Difficulty of the Model -- 19.5 Summary and Conclusions -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- References -- 20 On the Hadronic Mass Spectrum -- References -- 21 On the Hadronic Mass Spectrum: 2014 -- 21.1 Data and Hadron Mass Spectrum -- Fits of Hadron Mass Spectrum -- The Value of the Power Index `a’ -- 21.2 Quarks and QCD -- Lattice-QCD Trace Anomaly Constraint -- Quark Bags and the Hadron Mass Spectrum -- References -- 22 SBM Guide to the Literature as of June 1972 -- References -- 23 Thermodynamics of Hot Nuclear Matter: 1978 in the Statistical Bootstrap Model -- 23.1 Introduction -- Plan of the Paper -- 23.2 The Statistical Bootstrap Method in Particle and Nuclear Physics -- The Statistical Bootstrap Model in Particle Physics -- Solution of the Bootstrap Equation -- The Nuclear Matter Bootstrap Equation -- The Mass Spectrum for Nuclear Matter -- Laplace and L-Transforms of the Mass Spectrum -- 23.3 Thermodynamics -- The Partition Functions of the One-Component Ideal Gas -- The Strongly Interacting Pion Gas -- Physics Near T0 -- Thermodynamics of Clustered Matter -- Partition Function of Nuclear Matter.

23.4 Properties of Nuclear Matter in the Bootstrap Model -- The Different Phases -- Baryon Density in the Gaseous Phase -- Baryon Energy in the Gaseous Phase -- 23.5 Summary -- References -- 24 On a Possible Phase Transition Between Hadron Matter and Quark-Gluon Matter: 1981 -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 The Grand Canonical Pressure Partition Function -- Introduction -- How Shall We Use S(b,q,n)? -- 24.3 The Hadron Gas -- Introduction -- Digression: The Pointlike Hadron Gas -- The Real Hadron Gas -- Interpretation -- The Usual Thermodynamic Limit with Fixed V→∞ -- Hot Hadron Matter: No Fixed Volume -- 24.4 Conclusions -- References -- 25 How We Got to QCD Matter from the Hadron Side: 1984 -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Pre-bootstrap -- 25.3 Early Bootstrap -- The Bootstrap Idea -- Consequences -- Difficulties -- Early Developments -- Microcanonical Bootstrap -- Exact Analytical Solutions of the BE -- The Bootstrap Function -- The State of Affairs up to 1978 -- 25.4 The Phase Transition: Hadron Matter-Quark Matter -- Hadron Volumes -- References -- Part III Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks Heavy Ion Path to Quark-Gluon Plasma -- 26 How to Deal withRelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Collective Motions -- Useful Variables -- Momentum Distributions -- Determination of the Weight Function F(n,d0) -- Violations of the Postulates 1 and 2 -- (a) Transverse Collective Motions -- (b) Violation of Postulate 2 -- 26.3 Statistical Bootstrap Thermodynamics -- The Partition Function -- Interaction -- The Bootstrap Hypothesis -- The Singularity of the Partition Function: Baryon Conservation -- The Partition Function for Real (Extended) Particles -- Properties of the Real Hadron Gas -- Behaviour Near the Critical Curve -- 26.4 Is There Equilibrium in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collision? -- The Way to Equilibrium -- Expansion and Cooling.

26.5 Conclusions.

7.6 Particle Yields and Canonical Charge Conservation -- 7.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 8 The Hagedorn Spectrum and the Dual Resonance Model: An Old Love Affair -- Preamble -- 8.1 A Surprise That Should Not Have Been One -- 8.2 From TH to the String -- 8.3 Crisis, Reinterpretations -- 8.4 Many Years Later … -- Conclusion -- 9 Hadronic Matter: The Moscow Perspective -- 9.1 The Beginning -- Cosmic Rays and Landau -- Multiperipheral Collisions -- 9.2 Hot Hadron Matter -- Photons and Leptons -- Quark-Gluon Plasma -- Cherenkov Radiation -- Correlations and Fluctuations -- Charm -- 9.3 Open Questions -- Appreciation -- References -- 10 Hagedorn Model of Critical Behavior: Comparison of Lattice and SBM Calculations -- 10.1 Rolf Hagedorn: Some Personal Impressions -- 10.2 Critical Behavior of Hadronic Matter -- Critical Curve from the Lattice Calculations -- Critical Curve from the Statistical Bootstrap Model -- Comparison of SBM and Lattice-QCD -- 10.3 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Hagedorn’s Hadron Mass Spectrum andthe Onset of Deconfinement -- 11.1 Hadron Mass Spectrum and the Hagedorn Temperature -- 11.2 Discovery of the Onset of Deconfinement -- References -- 12 Begin of the Search for the Quark-Gluon Plasma -- 12.1 The Beginning -- Bevalac and ISR -- SPS and RHIC Programs Take Shape -- 12.2 Quark-Gluon Plasma Discovered -- New Instrumentation -- Experiments -- 13 The Path to Heavy Ions at LHC and Beyond -- 13.1 Work at the Bevalac -- 13.2 …and at the SPS -- 13.3 How Heavy Ions Got into LHC and the ALICE Was Born -- 13.4 Future Facilities -- 13.5 Epilogue -- 14 A New Phase of Matter: Quark-Gluon Plasma Beyond the Hagedorn Critical Temperature -- 14.1 From Hagedorn to Quark-Gluon Plasma -- Deconfinement of Quarks and Gluons -- Lattice QCD Results -- Hot Nuclear Matter -- 14.2 Path to Discovery of the QGP -- QGP Observables -- SPS Results.

Experiments at RHIC -- Experiments at LHC -- Beam Energy Scan at RHIC -- Next Steps -- 14.3 Outlook and Conclusions -- References -- 15 Reminscenses of Rolf Hagedorn -- 15.1 Many Years Ago -- 15.2 The Heavy Ion Era at CERN Begins -- 15.3 Experiments WA85-WA94-WA97-NA57 -- 15.4 The Other Hagedorn -- References -- Part II The Hagedorn Temperature -- 16 Boiling Primordial Matter: 1968 -- 16.1 The Large and the Small in the Universe -- The New Situation: Multiparticle Production in High Energy Physics -- Black Body Radiation -- 16.2 Highest Temperature = The Boiling Pointof Primordial Matter? -- 16.3 Is the Question About the ``Final Building Block’’Meaningless? -- Possible Consequences in the Large? -- 17 The Long Way to the Statistical Bootstrap Model: 1994 -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 From 1936 to 1965 -- Fireballs -- Multiple Production: Heisenberg (1936) -- Dulles-Walker Variables (1954) -- `Constant’ Mean Transverse Momentum (1956) -- The Two-Centre Model (1958) -- Conclusion: Fireballs with Limited -- Exist -- Statistical and Thermodynamical Methods -- Bohr’s Compound Nucleus (1936) -- The Weisskopf Evaporation Model (1937) -- Koppe’s Attempt and the Fermi Statistical Model (1948/1950) -- Beth-Uhlenbeck, Belenkij (1937/1956) -- The CERN Statistical Model (1958-1962) -- The Decisive Turn of the Screw: Large-Angle Elastic Scattering -- Statistical Model Description of Large-Angle Elastic Scattering -- Thermal Description -- Exponential or Not? -- Asymptotics of Momentum Space -- Interpretation: Distinguishable Particles and Pomeranchuk’s Ansatz -- 17.3 The Statistical Bootstrap Model (SBM) -- A Few Well-Known Formulae -- Introducing the Statistical Bootstrap Hypothesis -- The Solution -- Further Developments -- 17.4 Some Further Remarks -- The Difficulty in Killing an Exponential Spectrum -- What is the Value of T0?.

001894786

express

(Au-PeEL)EBL6363134

(MiAaPQ)EBC6363134

(OCoLC)1039348139