.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

EB

ONLINE

Tokyo : Springer Japan, 2015

1 online resource (651 pages)

ISBN 9784431548652 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9784431548645

Print version: Ishibashi, Jun-ichiro Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems Tokyo : Springer Japan,c2015 ISBN 9784431548645

Intro -- Preface -- Editorial Board -- Acknowledgments -- List of External Reviewers -- Contents -- Part I: Interdisciplinary Studies -- Chapter 1: Introduction of TAIGA Concept -- 1.1 Subseafloor Biosphere and Hydrosphere -- 1.2 Hydrothermal Systems as a Window of Sub-seafloor TAIGAs -- 1.3 Diversity of Subseafloor TAIGAs -- 1.3.1 TAIGA of Hydrogen -- 1.3.2 TAIGA of Methane -- 1.3.3 TAIGA of Sulfur -- 1.3.4 TAIGA of Iron -- 1.4 Interdisciplinary Studies During TAIGA Project -- References -- Chapter 2: Geochemical Constraints on Potential Biomass Sustained by Subseafloor Water-Rock Interactions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Method to Estimate the Potential Biomass Sustained by Chemosynthetic Primary Production -- 2.2.1 Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Communities -- 2.2.2 Subseafloor Basaltic Oceanic Crust Communities -- 2.3 Potential Biomass Sustained by High-Temperature Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Systems -- 2.3.1 Geochemical Characteristics of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluids -- 2.3.2 Bioavailable Energy Yield from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluids -- 2.3.3 Fluxes of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluids -- 2.3.4 Biomass Potential in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Ecosystems -- 2.4 Potential Biomass Sustained by Low-Temperature Alteration/Weathering of Oceanic Crust -- 2.4.1 Processes and Fluxes of Elemental Exchange Between Seawater and Oceanic Crust During Low-Temperature Alteration/Weatheri... -- 2.4.1.1 Iron -- 2.4.1.2 Sulfur -- 2.4.2 Bioavailable Energy Yield from Low-Temperature Alteration/Weathering of Oceanic Crust -- 2.4.3 Biomass Potential in Oceanic Crust Ecosystems -- 2.5 Microbial Biomass Potentials Associated with Fluid Flows in Ocean and Oceanic Crust and the Impact on Global Geochemical C... -- References -- Chapter 3: Microbial Cell Densities, Community Structures, and Growth in the Hydrothermal Plumes of Subduction Hydrothermal Sy.

13.4.3 Distribution of Depleted and Enriched Mantle.

6.3.1 Quantitative Assessment of Microbial Community Composition by CARD-FISH -- 6.3.2 Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Composition of the Bacterial Community -- 6.3.2.1 Seawater-Dominant Fluids -- 6.3.2.2 Low-Temperature Shimmering -- 6.3.2.3 The Fluid Samples Collected at the SMT in 2005 -- 6.3.3 Hydrothermal Habitats for Microbial and Macrofaunal Communities -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Development of Hydrothermal and Frictional Experimental Systems to Simulate Sub-seafloor Water-Rock-Microbe Interac... -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Hydrothermal Experimental Apparatus -- 7.2.1 Batch-Type Systems -- 7.2.1.1 Dickson-Type Autoclave -- 7.2.1.2 Batch Experiments to Investigate Amino Acid Reactions During Interactions of Sediments and Hydrothermal Solutions -- 7.2.2 Flow-Type Systems -- 7.2.2.1 Flow-Type Experimental System for Simulation of Water-Rock Interactions -- 7.2.2.2 Flow-Type Experimental System for Simulation of Microbial Ecosystems in a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent System -- 7.2.2.3 Supercritical Water Flow-Type System to Simulate Amino Acid Reactions -- 7.3 High-Velocity Friction Apparatus for Simulation of Faulting in an Earthquake-Driven Subsurface Biosphere -- References -- Chapter 8: Experimental Hydrogen Production in Hydrothermal and Fault Systems: Significance for Habitability of Subseafloor H2... -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Constraints on H2 Production During Experimental Hydrothermal Alteration of Ultramafic Rocks -- 8.3 Experimental H2 Generation During Komatiite Alteration: Simulation of an Archean Hydrothermal System -- 8.4 Mechanoradical H2 Generation During Simulated Faulting -- 8.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 9: Experimental Assessment of Microbial Effects on Chemical Interactions Between Seafloor Massive Sulfides and Seawate... -- 9.1 Introduction.

Chapter 11: Tectonic Background of Four Hydrothermal Fields Along the Central Indian Ridge -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Regional Setting -- 11.3 Data and Method -- 11.3.1 Rodriguez Triple Junction (RTJ) Area -- 11.3.2 Rodrigues Segment (RS) Area -- 11.4 Rodriguez Triple Junction (RTJ) Area -- 11.4.1 Morphology and Segmentation -- 11.4.2 Magnetics and Gravity -- 11.4.3 Kairei Hydrothermal Field and Surroundings -- 11.4.4 Tectonic Evolution and Hydrothermalism -- 11.5 Rodrigues Segment (RS) Area: CIR 18-20S -- 11.5.1 Morphology and Segmentation -- 11.5.2 Rock Geochemistry -- 11.5.3 Tectonic Background of Hydrothermal Fields -- 11.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 12: Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Systems: Seafloor Hydrothermal Activities, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Hydr... -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Four Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Vent Fields Studied in the TAIGA Project -- 12.2.1 Dodo Hydrothermal Field -- 12.2.2 Solitaire Hydrothermal Field -- 12.2.3 Edmond Hydrothermal Field -- 12.2.4 Kairei Hydrothermal Field -- 12.3 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Hydrothermal Fluids -- 12.4 Biological Studies Conducted at the Four Hydrothermal Vent Fields -- 12.4.1 Microbial Communities and Microorganisms Isolated from the CIR Hydrothermal Systems -- 12.4.2 Hydrothermal Vent Fauna and Chemosynthetic Symbioses -- 12.5 Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 13: Petrology and Geochemistry of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts from the Southern Central Indian Ridge -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Geological Background and Previous Studies -- 13.3 Petrology and Geochemistry of MORB Along the Southern CIR -- 13.3.1 Analytical Techniques -- 13.3.2 Major Element Chemistry -- 13.3.3 Trace Element Chemistry -- 13.4 Implications for the Source Mantle Beneath the Southern CIR -- 13.4.1 Petrogenetic Conditions -- 13.4.2 Mantle Source Compositions.

3.1 Introduction to Hydrothermal Plumes and the TAIGA Concept -- 3.2 Microbial Communities in Hydrothermal Plumes -- 3.3 Growth Zone of SUP05 -- 3.4 Changes in the Microbial Community During the ``Chemical Evolution of a Plume -- 3.5 Contribution of a Specific Microbial Community for Total Plume Microbial Ecosystem -- 3.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- 3.7 Materials and Methods -- 3.7.1 Samples Used in This Study -- 3.7.2 Analytical Methods -- References -- Chapter 4: Systematics of Distributions of Various Elements Between Ferromanganese Oxides and Seawater from Natural Observatio... -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General Tendency for Cations -- 4.3 General Tendency for Anions -- 4.4 Relationship Between Distribution of Trace Elements and Their Local Structures at the Solid-Water Interface -- 4.5 Adsorption of Chromate: Additional Spectroscopic Data -- 4.6 Two pKa Model -- 4.7 Conclusions and Implications -- References -- Chapter 5: Evaluating Hydrothermal System Evolution Using Geochronological Dating and Biological Diversity Analyses -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Development of Dating Methods -- 5.2.1 Geochemical Approach for Ore Minerals -- 5.2.2 Comparison between ESR and U-Th ages -- 5.2.3 Ecological Analyses of Vent Fauna -- 5.3 Comparisons Between Ecological and Geochemical Age Information -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Quantification of Microbial Communities in Hydrothermal Vent Habitats of the Southern Mariana Trough and the Mid-Ok... -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.2.1 Sampling Sites and Sample Collection -- 6.2.2 Chemical Characteristics of Hydrothermal Fluids -- 6.2.3 Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization -- 6.2.4 Cluster Analysis of Microbial Community Composition by CARD-FISH -- 6.3 Results and Discussion.

9.2 Materials and Methods -- 9.2.1 Sample Collection -- 9.2.2 Experimental Medium -- 9.2.3 Batch Experiments -- 9.2.4 Chemical Analysis -- 9.2.5 16S rRNA Gene Clone Library Construction and Phylogenetic Analysis -- 9.2.6 Fluorescence Microscopy -- 9.2.7 Accession Numbers -- 9.3 Results and Discussion -- 9.3.1 Concentrations and Release/Removal Rates of Elements to/from the ASW Samples -- 9.3.2 Microbial Communities -- 9.3.3 Microbial Effects on Chemical Interaction on Sulfide Deposits -- 9.3.4 Conclusion and Perspective -- References -- Chapter 10: A Compilation of the Stable Isotopic Compositions of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur in Soft Body Parts of Animals Co... -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Materials and Methods -- 10.2.1 Geological Background of the Sample Materials -- 10.2.1.1 Okinawa Trough -- 10.2.1.2 Izu-Ogasawara Arc -- 10.2.1.3 Additional Hydrothermal Fields -- 10.2.1.4 Sagami and Kagoshima Bays and Kuroshima Knoll -- 10.2.1.5 Additional Methane Seep Fields -- 10.2.2 Animal, Sediment, and Fluid Sampling Procedures -- 10.2.3 Analytical Procedures -- 10.3 Analytical Results for Isotopic Composition -- 10.3.1 Isotopic Compositions of Animal Samples from Hydrothermal Fields -- 10.3.2 Isotopic Compositions of Animal Samples from Methane Seep Fields -- 10.3.3 Stable Isotopic Composition of the Issuing Fluids Associated with Animal Communities -- 10.3.3.1 Hydrogen Sulfide -- 10.3.3.2 Methane -- 10.4 Discussion -- 10.4.1 The Contribution of Thioautotrophic Nutrition to the Benthic Animal Community -- 10.4.2 Variations in the Carbon Isotopic Ratios of the Benthic Animal Community -- 10.4.3 Nitrogen Isotopic Ratios of Symbiotic Bivalves -- 10.4.4 Competition for Energy Sources and the Role of Filter Feeding by Bathymodiolus Mussels -- 10.5 Summary -- References -- Part II: Central Indian Ridge.

001894981

express

(Au-PeEL)EBL6422532

(MiAaPQ)EBC6422532

(OCoLC)1231610784