Intro -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Part I: General Chapters -- Palynology: History and Systematic Aspects -- The History of Palynology -- Categories, Classification Systems and Systematic Value of Pollen Features -- The Turmal System -- The Treme System and the NPC-Classification -- Systematic Value of Pollen Features -- Future Perspective -- References -- Pollen Development -- Microsporogenesis and Microgametogenesis -- References -- Pollen Morphology and Ultrastructure -- Polarity and Shape -- Apertures -- Pollen Wall -- Structure -- Sporopollenin -- Chemically Related Biomacromolecules -- The Angiosperm Pollen Wall -- The Gymnosperm Pollen Wall -- Sculpture: Ornamentation -- Ornamentation in LM vs. SEM -- Role of Pollen Ornamentation in Pollination -- Functional Value of Exine Reduction -- Harmomegathy: The Harmomegathic Effect -- Size -- Heterostyly and Pollen Dimorphism -- Aberrant Pollen Grains -- References -- Misinterpretations in Palynology -- Example 1: Tripartite Feature in Gymnosperms - Impression Mark -- Example 2: Tripartite Feature in Angiosperms - Triangular Tenuitas -- Example 3: Tripartite Feature in Angiosperms - Synaperture -- Example 4: Tripartite Feature in Angiosperms - Trichotomosulcus -- Example 5: Tripartite Feature in Angiosperms - Sulci vs. Colpi vs. tenuitas -- Example 6: Tripartite Feature in Angiosperms - Triradiate Aperture -- Example 7: Apertures in Angiosperms - Planaperturate -- Example 8: Apertures in Angiosperms - Inconspicuous Pori -- Example 9: Apertures in Angiosperms - Inconspicuous Colpi -- Example 10: Apertures in Angiosperms - Hidden Apertures -- Example 11: Apertures in Angiosperms - Ring-like Apertures vs. Colpate-Operculate -- Example 12: Apertures in angiosperms - Tenuitas vs. Poroid.
Example 13: Apertures in Angiosperms - Infoldings vs. Apertures -- Example 14: Apertures in Angiosperms - Ulcerate-Operculate vs. Ring-like Aperture -- Example 15: Apertures in Angiosperms - Disulcate vs. Dicolpate -- Example 16: Apertures in Angiosperms - Zon-, Zono-, Zoni-, Zona- vs. Ring-like Aperture and Stephanoaperturate Pollen -- Example 17: Magnification Effect - Retipilate vs. Reticulum Cristatum -- Example 18: Dispersal Units - Massula vs. Polyad -- Example 19: Preparation Effect - Psilate vs. Ornamented -- Example 20: Preparation Effect - Areolate-Fossulate vs. Verrucate -- Example 21: Preparation Effect - Striate vs. Striato-reticulate -- Example 22: Staining Methods - Absence or Presence of Endexine -- References -- How to Describe and Illustrate Pollen Grains -- Pollen from a Single Extant Taxon: Online Publication in PalDat -- Groups of Extant Pollen -- Fossil Pollen -- References -- Methods in Palynology -- Preparation of Recent and Fossil Material for LM, SEM, and TEM -- Light Microscopy -- Pollen Hydration Status at Dispersal -- Pollen Hydrated in Water -- Clarify the Pollen Polarity and Aperture Type -- Acetocarmine Staining: Detection of the Cellular Condition -- Potassium Iodine: Detection of Starch -- Acetolysis: Visualizing Pollen Ornamentation and Aperture Number in Recent and Fossil Pollen -- Heavy Liquid Separation -- Acetolysis the Fast Way -- Scanning Electron Microscopy: Preparation of Recent Pollen -- The DMP Direct Method: Dimethoxypropane -- Transmission Electron Microscopy: Pollen Wall Stratification and Ultrastructure -- Fixation and Embedding -- Ultramicrotomy -- Formvar Film-Coated Grids -- Section Manipulators (Eyelash or Other Adequate Type of Hair) -- Loops -- Specimen Block Trimming -- Glass Knives -- Semi-Thin Sectioning -- Ultra-Thin Sectioning -- Section Pick-Up -- Staining Methods.
Example 13: Apertures in Angiosperms - Infoldings vs. Apertures -- Example 14: Apertures in Angiosperms - Ulcerate-Operculate vs. Ring-like Aperture -- Example 15: Apertures in Angiosperms - Disulcate vs. Dicolpate -- Example 16: Apertures in Angiosperms - Zon-, Zono-, Zoni-, Zona- vs. Ring-like Aperture and Stephanoaperturate Pollen -- Example 17: Magnification Effect - Retipilate vs. Reticulum Cristatum -- Example 18: Dispersal Units - Massula vs. Polyad -- Example 19: Preparation Effect - Psilate vs. Ornamented -- Example 20: Preparation Effect - Areolate-Fossulate vs. Verrucate -- Example 21: Preparation Effect - Striate vs. Striato-reticulate -- Example 22: Staining Methods - Absence or Presence of Endexine -- References -- How to Describe and Illustrate Pollen Grains -- Pollen from a Single Extant Taxon: Online Publication in PalDat -- Groups of Extant Pollen -- Fossil Pollen -- References -- Methods in Palynology -- Preparation of Recent and Fossil Material for LM, SEM, and TEM -- Light Microscopy -- Pollen Hydration Status at Dispersal -- Pollen Hydrated in Water -- Clarify the Pollen Polarity and Aperture Type -- Acetocarmine Staining: Detection of the Cellular Condition -- Potassium Iodine: Detection of Starch -- Acetolysis: Visualizing Pollen Ornamentation and Aperture Number in Recent and Fossil Pollen -- Heavy Liquid Separation -- Acetolysis the Fast Way -- Scanning Electron Microscopy: Preparation of Recent Pollen -- The DMP Direct Method: Dimethoxypropane -- Transmission Electron Microscopy: Pollen Wall Stratification and Ultrastructure -- Fixation and Embedding -- Ultramicrotomy -- Formvar Film-Coated Grids -- Section Manipulators (Eyelash or Other Adequate Type of Hair) -- Loops -- Specimen Block Trimming -- Glass Knives -- Semi-Thin Sectioning -- Ultra-Thin Sectioning -- Section Pick-Up -- Staining Methods.
Uranyl Acetate-Lead Citrate Staining: U + Pb -- The Lipid Test for the Detection of Unsaturated Lipids: TCH + SP -- Thiery-Test: PA + TCH + SP -- Modified Thiery-Test: PA + TCH + SP (short) -- Potassium Permanganate: KMnO4 -- Preparation of Fossil Pollen -- Preparation Method: From Rock to Palynomorphs -- The Single-Grain Method -- Making Glass-Pipettes -- Producing a Micromanipulator -- Applying the Single-Grain Method -- Recipes -- Recipes for Light Microscopy (LM) -- Acetocarmine (Staining) -- Potassium Iodine (Lugol’s Iodine, Detection of Starch) -- Toluidine Blue (Staining) -- Chlorination Mixture -- Acetolysis Mixture -- Zinc Bromide Solution (Heavy Liquid Separation for Samples with a High Mineral Content) -- Recipes for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) -- Dimethoxypropane (Dehydration) ---