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EB

ONLINE

Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2014

1 online resource (411 pages)

ISBN 9783319017549 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9783319017532

Outstanding Contributions to Logic Ser. ; v.2

Print version: Muller, Thomas Nuel Belnap on Indeterminism and Free Action Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2014 ISBN 9783319017532

Intro -- Contents -- 1 Introduction: The Many Branches of Belnap’s Logic -- 1 About this Book -- 2 State of the Art: BT, BST, stit, and CIFOL -- 2.1 Branching Time (BT) -- 2.2 Branching Space-Times (BST) -- 2.3 Seeing to it That (stit) -- 2.4 Case-Intensional First Order Logic (CIFOL) -- References -- 2 Decisions in Branching Time -- 1 Introduction: Decision Theory and Deontic Logic -- 2 Seeing to it That (stit) -- 2.1 Semantics for cstit with One Agent -- 2.2 Multiple Agents: Independence and Joint Agency -- 3 Causal Independence -- 4 Horty’s Dominance Ought -- 5 Decisions Under Ignorance: The Maximin Ought -- 6 Decision Under Risk: Probabilistic Utilitarian stit Frames -- 7 Game Theory and Mixed Strategies -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Internalizing Case-Relative Truth in CIFOL+ -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Grammar and Semantics -- 1.2 Finding ``True in a Case’’ in CIFOL+ -- 1.3 Paths not Taken -- 1.4 Extending CIFOL -- 1.5 Picturing Intensions -- 2 Theory of Internal Ranges -- 2.1 CIFOL+ and Elementary Ranges -- 3 Proving Theorem 1 -- 4 The concept of case-relative truth -- 5 Summary -- References -- 4 A stit Logic Analysis of Morally Lucky and Legally Lucky Action Outcomes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Modeling Indeterminacy of Action -- 2.1 Determinate Action: XSTITp -- 2.2 Action with Non-Determinate Effect: XSTIT.Prob -- 3 Modeling the Determination in Action -- 3.1 Risk in Action -- 3.2 Attempt -- 4 Moral Obligations, Prohibitions and Luck -- 5 Legal Obligations, Prohibitions and Luck -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Worlds Enough, and Time: Musings on Foundations -- 1 Core Features of Ockhamist Branching Time -- 2 Newton Versus Einstein -- 3 The Enigmatic Present -- 4 What is a World? -- 5 Chronological Unity and Belnap’s World(s) -- 6 The General Character of Models -- 7 Comparing Belnapian Worlds.

2 Preliminaries: The STIT Framework -- 3 Modeling Choice Situations -- 3.1 The Modal Heart of Choice -- 3.2 An Initial Comparison with Modal Logics of Action -- 3.3 Merging the Two Perspectives on Action -- 4 A Merged System: Matrix Game Logic -- 4.1 Modal logic of matrix games -- 4.2 STIT in Modal Matrix Logic -- 4.3 Complexity and Correlation -- 5 The Roles of Knowledge -- 6 Dynamic Epistemic Logic Meets STIT -- 7 Further Directions -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- 15 Intentionality and Minimal Rationality in the Logic of Action -- 1 Analysis of Propositional Contents of Attitudes -- 2 My New Approach in the Logic of Propositional Attitudes -- 2.1 Analysis of Psychological Modes and Possession Conditions of Attitudes -- 2.2 Analysis of Satisfaction Conditions of Propositional Attitudes -- 3 Intentionality in the Logic of Action -- 4 Fundamental Valid Laws -- References -- 16 Group Strategies and Independence -- 1 Stit Frames -- 2 Outcomes -- 3 Fields and Outcomes Bordering Fields -- 4 Strategies and Their Admitted Future Outcomes -- 5 Pre-Simple Strategies and Complete Strategies -- 6 Group-Joining Meets -- 7 Distinguishability -- 8 Inactivity and Busyness -- 9 Independence -- References -- 17 Biographical Interview -- 1 School Days -- 2 From BA at Illinois to Grad School at Yale -- 3 From Yale to Pittsburgh -- 4 Employment History at Pitt -- 5 Visiting Professorships -- 6 Professional Service -- 7 Journals -- 8 Prizes and Fellowships -- 9 Honors -- 10 Doctoral Students -- 11 Publications.

8 Belnapian Multi-Worlds -- 9 The Making of an Agent -- 10 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 6 Open Futures in the Foundations of Propositional Logic -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What Rules Express -- 3 What Intuitionistic Logic Expresses -- 4 Open Future Semantics -- 5 What Propositional Logic Expresses -- 6 What Natural Deduction Rules for Disjunction Express -- 7 No Past Branching -- 8 Open Future Semantics and Supervaluations -- 9 Defeating Fatalism -- References -- 7 On Saying What Will Be -- 1 Branching Time and Ontic Frugality -- 2 Some Concepts from Speech Act Theory -- 2.1 Speech Acts Versus Acts of Speech -- 2.2 Saying Versus Asserting -- 2.3 Two Levels of Determination -- 2.4 Assertion Proper and the Assertive Family -- 3 Assertion and Scorekeeping -- 4 Future-Directed Speech Acts -- 5 The Assertion Problem -- 6 The Modal Realism Objection -- References -- 8 The Intelligibility Question for Free Will: Agency, Choice and Branching Time -- 1 The Intelligibility Question: An Introductory Narrative -- 2 Action, Indeterminism, and Facing the Future -- 3 From Action to Free Will -- 4 Self-forming Actions (SFA’s) -- 5 Further Issues: Efforts, Introspection, Agency, Control, Rationality -- References -- 9 What William of Ockham and Luis de Molina Would have said to Nuel Belnap: A Discussion of Some Arguments Against ``The Thin Red Line’’ -- 1 There is No Truth Concerning Future Contingents -- 2 A Thin Red Line Theory is Insufficient as a Background for a Proper Understanding of the Structure of Tenses in Natural Language -- 3 An Obvious Requirement Regarding Iterative Tenses Makes TRL Theories Problematic -- 4 TRL Theories Lead to Problematic Evaluations at Counterfactual Moments of Time -- References -- 10 Branching for General Relativists -- 1 Introduction -- 2 BST with a New PCP -- 3 How to Generalize BST1992? -- 4 Construction.

4.1 BST Generalized -- 4.2 Generalized Differential Manifolds and Matters Topological -- 4.3 Tangent Vectors -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Hajiček-Muller Quasi-History -- 5.2 Borders in the Overlap -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Some Examples Formulated in a `Seeing to It That’ Logic: Illustrations, Observations, Problems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Syntax and Semantics -- 2.1 Preliminaries: Transition Systems -- 2.2 Agency Modalities -- 2.3 Acts Differently -- 2.4 `Brings It About’ Modalities -- 3 Example: Vase (One Agent) -- 4 Example: Vase (Two Agents) -- 5 Example: Vase, Minor Variation -- 6 Example: Table -- 7 Example: Avoidance (Fixed) -- 8 Example: Avoidance (Reaction) -- 9 Example: Granularity -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- 12 In Retrospect: Can BST Models be Reinterpreted for What Decisions, Speciation Events and Ontogeny Might Have in Common? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 First Step: BST Structures and Structures of FTA -- 2.1 BST Structures -- 2.2 BTA Structures -- 2.3 BTA+U Structures are BST Structures -- 2.4 What Does it all Mean? -- 2.5 The Unity of Life -- 2.6 What Else Can be Done with BTA? -- 3 Retrospect -- 3.1 The Story so Far -- 3.2 Theory of Possible Ancestry (TPA) -- 3.3 The Growth of Life Itself -- 3.4 Speciation -- 3.5 Individual Ontogeny -- 4 Afterthought: Resuscitation and Decisions -- 5 Summary -- References -- 13 A Theory of Possible Ancestry in the Style of Nuel Belnap’s Branching Space-Time -- 1 Ersatzism of Belnapian Elegance -- 2 The Basic Theory of Possible Ancestry -- 3 The General Form of a Theory of Possible Ancestry and Some Specific Theories -- 4 The Question of Embeddability: States, Moments, and Histories -- 5 Ontological Competition -- 6 Back To Branching Space-Time: General Relativity -- References -- 14 Connecting Logics of Choice and Change -- 1 Introduction: Logical Frameworks for Agency.

Featuring critical assessments of Belnap’s work, and a paper by the celebrated philosopher himself on case-intensional first order logic, this selection of original research on a much-debated topic charts his impact on the discussion and builds on his ideas..

001895064

express

(Au-PeEL)EBL6422626

(MiAaPQ)EBC6422626

(OCoLC)875905355