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0 (hodnocen0 x )

EB

ONLINE

Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2015

1 online resource (695 pages)

ISBN 9783319191683 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9783319191676

Print version: Nkonya, Ephraim Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement - a Global Assessment for Sustainable Development Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2015 ISBN 9783319191676

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1 Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement: An Introduction and Overview -- Abstract -- Land Degradation: A Global Problem -- Why Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement -- Scale of Global Land Degradation -- Costs of Action and Inaction -- Policies for Global and Regional Consideration -- Lessons Learnt and Implications -- Taking Action Against Land Degradation Due to Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) -- Strengthening Community Participation for SLM -- Enhancing Government Effectiveness and Rule of Law -- Improving Access to Markets and Rural Services -- Improving Land Tenure Security -- Going Forward -- References -- 2 Concepts and Methods of Global Assessment of the Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Conceptual Framework -- The Methodological Framework -- Analysis of Causes of Land Degradation -- Cost and Benefits of Action Versus Inaction Against Land Degradation -- Sampling Framework for Case Studies -- Conclusions and Reflections -- References -- 3 Institutional Framework of (In)Action Against Land Degradation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Review of Institutional Causes of Land Degradation -- Analysis of the Cases -- Analytical Framework: Layered Approach of Institutional Economic Analysis -- Institutional Framework of Action Against Land Degradation -- Building on Customs/Traditions, or ``L1 Actions’’ -- Reforms of the Institutional Environment, or ``L2 Actions’’ -- Reforms of Governance, or ``L3 Actions’’ -- Improving Resource Allocation, or ``L4 Actions’’ -- Explaining Actors’ Land Use Decision---Actor Oriented Approach -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Biomass Productivity-Based Mapping of Global Land Degradation Hotspots -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- The Conceptual Framework.

Cost of Land Degradation Due to LUCC -- Land Degradation on Static Land---Grazing Biomass -- Econometric Results -- Summary, Suggested Actions to Address Land Degradation, and Conclusion -- Protection of Grasslands and Forests and Increase Their Productivity -- Increase Government and Donor Funding to Support Land-Based Sectors -- Increase Access to Markets -- Improve Government Effectiveness and Land Tenure Security -- Increase Adoption of ISFM -- References -- 10 Economics of Land Degradation in Central Asia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review on Land Degradation in Central Asia -- Extent of Land Degradation -- Mapping Land Degradation Hotspots in Central Asia -- Drivers of Land Degradation in Central Asia -- Past Assessments of the Costs of Land Degradation -- Conceptual Framework -- Methods and Data Sources -- Costs of Land Degradation -- Drivers of Sustainable Land Management -- Data -- Results -- Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in the Region -- Economic Impacts of Land Degradation -- Costs of Land Degradation -- Cost of Action to Address Land Degradation -- Drivers of Land Degradation -- Data Descriptives -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Economics of Land Degradation in Argentina -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Natural Resource Management Policies in Argentina -- Sustainable Land Management Enshrined in Argentina’s Goal of Achieving Sustainable Development -- Decentralized Natural Resource Management -- Analytical Approach -- Data -- LUCC -- Total Economic Value Data -- Land Degradation on Static Cropland -- DSSAT Crop Simulation -- Land Degradation on Static Grasslands -- Land-Use/Cover Change in Argentina -- Results -- Land Degradation Due to LUCC -- Land Degradation Due to Loss of Wetlands -- Land Degradation Due to Use of Land Degrading Practices on Soybean Maize, Rice and Wheat.

Land Degradation on Static Grasslands -- Case Studies -- Patagonia Rangelands and Merino Wool Production -- Jacobacci Patagonia Case Study -- Crop and Livestock Production in La Paz -- Land Degradation in Southwest of Buenos Aires Province -- La Rioja Case Study -- Land Degradation Processes and Impacts on Ecosystem Services -- Strategies for Addressing Land Degradation -- Conclusions and Policy Implications -- References -- 12 Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement in Bhutan -- Abstract -- Introduction and Context -- Bhutan’s Opportunities and Challenges Related to Sustainable Land Management -- Opportunities -- Challenges -- Study Background and Approach -- Forest -- Crops and Citrus -- Livestock -- Methodological Analysis and Data -- Land Use Change -- Landsat Land Cover Dataset, Covering the 1990--2010 Period -- Bhutan Land Cover Assessment, Covering the 1994--2010 Period -- Soil Erosion Analysis -- Study Area -- SWAT -- Data Required for SWAT Analysis -- Project Setup -- Model Calibration and Validation -- Spatial Distribution of Hydrologic Components by Subwatersheds -- Economic Analysis of SLM -- Factors Influencing Adoption of SLM Practices -- Returns to SLM Practices -- Economic Data Used -- Cropland -- Results -- Land Use Change -- Land Cover Change Classes -- Impact of Land Use Change and Land Management on Soil Erosion -- Sediment Results -- Economic Analysis of SLM -- Use and Drivers of Adoption of SLM Practices -- Returns to SLM Practices -- The Unholy Cross -- Study Limitations and Gaps -- Implications of the Results -- References -- 13 Economics of Land Degradation in China -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Review of Land Degradation Assessments in China -- Cost of Land Degradation and Cost of Action and Inaction Against Land Degradation Due to Land Use/Cover Change in China -- Cost of Land Degradation on Grazing Land.

Total Cost of Land Degradation -- Cost of Taking Action Against Land Degradation -- Data -- LUCC -- Total Economic Value Data -- TEV and Double-Counting Challenge -- Comparison of TEV of Biomes Across Studies and with Conventional GDP -- Land Degradation on Static Cropland -- DSSAT Crop Simulation -- Results -- Who Bears the Burden of the Cost of Land Degradation? -- Cost of Land Degradation Due to Use of Land Degrading Practices on Cropland -- Cost of Land Degradation on Grazing Biomass -- Summary of Cost of Land Degradation -- Cost of Action Against land degradation -- Conclusions and Policy Implications -- Appendix -- Countries, Sub-regions and Regions -- References -- 7 Global Drivers of Land Degradation and Improvement -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Methods and Data -- Data -- Results -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Global Estimates of the Impacts of Grassland Degradation on Livestock Productivity from 2001 to 2011 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Modeling Procedures -- Identifying Land Degradation Hotspots in Grasslands -- Deriving Grassland Productivity from Remote Sensing Imagery Data and Statistical Models -- Gathering Datasets for Livestock Productivity -- Estimating Changes in Livestock Productivity -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions and Implications -- References -- 9 Economics of Land Degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Policies in SSA -- Sustainable Development Policies -- Input Subsidies -- Agricultural Water Management Policies -- Situation Analysis of AWM in SSA -- Land Tenure -- Government Effectiveness and Governance -- Access to Market Infrastructure -- Population -- SLM Financing -- Analytical Methods and Data -- Drivers of Cropland Change and Cost of Land Degradation -- Data -- Extent of Land Degradation in SSA.

Land Degradation on Static Cropland.

Methodology and Data -- Proxy Indicator Approach to Mapping of Degradation Hotspots -- Long-Term Trend of Annual NDVI as the Proxy of Long-Term Biomass Productivity Decline -- GIMMSg-NDVI Data -- Results -- Aggregating Annual Mean NDVI Time-Series (1982--2006) (Step 1 in Fig. 4.1) -- Masking Ineligible Pixels (Step 2 in Fig. 4.1) -- Significant Trend of Annual Mean NDVI Over 1982--2006 (25 Years) (Step 4 in Fig. 4.1) -- Temporal Slope Metrics and Statistical Test -- Significant Biomass Productivity Decline -- Correction of Rainfall Variation Effect -- Correction of Atmospheric Fertilization Effect (Step 5 in Fig. 4.1) -- Calculate the Sub-component of AF-Driven Growth -- Identification of Areas with Saturated NDVI and Relation to Land-Use/Cover Strata (Step 6 in Fig. 4.1) -- Relation to Land Cover Strata -- Potential Soil Degradation Masked by Fertilizer Application -- Areas of Soil Improvement -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Evaluating Global Land Degradation Using Ground-Based Measurements and Remote Sensing -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Data -- Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Comparisons to Past Work -- Senegal Sample Sites -- Niger Sample Sites -- Additional Sample Sites -- India Sample Sites -- Uzbekistan Sample Sites -- Tanzania Sample Sites -- Ethiopia Sample Sites -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 Global Cost of Land Degradation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Previous Global Studies on the Costs of Land Degradation -- Land Use Types and Their Characteristics -- Definition and Classification of Terrestrial Biomes and Land Use/Cover Types -- Forest -- Grassland -- Shrublands and Woodlands -- Cropland -- Bare Lands -- Urban -- Analytical Approach -- Land Degradation Due to LUCC -- Land Degradation Due to Use of Land Degrading Management Practices on a Static Cropland -- Land Degradation on Static Grazing Land.

001895068

express

(Au-PeEL)EBL6422632

(MiAaPQ)EBC6422632

(OCoLC)1231606600