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0 (hodnocen0 x )

EB

ONLINE

2nd ed.

Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2021

1 online resource (233 pages)

ISBN 9783030664022 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9783030664015

Lecture Notes in Physics Ser. ; v.978

Print version: Reames, Donald V. Solar Energetic Particles Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2021 ISBN 9783030664015

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- 1: Introducing the Sun and SEPs -- 1.1 The Structure of the Sun -- 1.2 The Solar Magnetic Field -- 1.3 Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) -- 1.4 Interplanetary Space -- 1.5 Solar Energetic Particles -- 1.5.1 Time Duration -- 1.5.2 Abundances -- 1.5.3 The Solar Cycle -- 1.5.4 Relativistic Kinematics -- 1.6 What Do We ``See at the Sun? -- References -- 2: A Turbulent History -- 2.1 The First SEPs -- 2.2 Solar Radio Bursts and Electrons -- 2.3 The Spatial Distribution -- 2.3.1 Lateral Diffusion and the Birdcage Model -- 2.3.2 Large Scale Shock Acceleration and CMEs -- 2.3.3 The Longitude Distribution -- 2.3.4 Scatter-Free Events -- 2.3.5 Field-Line Random Walk -- 2.4 Shock Theory -- 2.5 Element Abundances -- 2.5.1 First Ionization Potential (FIP) and Powers of A/Q -- 2.5.2 3He-rich Events -- 2.5.3 The Seed Population for Shocks -- 2.6 Ionization States -- 2.7 Disappearing-Filament Events -- 2.8 ``The Solar-Flare Myth -- 2.9 Wave Generation and the Streaming Limit -- 2.10 SEP-CME Correlation -- 2.11 SEPs Actually Cause Flares, Not the Reverse -- References -- 3: Distinguishing the Sources -- 3.1 SEP Onset Times -- 3.2 Realistic Shock-SEP Timing and Correlations -- 3.3 Injection Profiles -- 3.4 High-Energy Spectra and Spectral Knees -- 3.5 Intensity Dropouts and Compact Sources -- 3.6 Abundances -- 3.7 Electrons -- 3.8 Why Not Flares? -- 3.9 SEPs as Probes -- References -- 4: Impulsive SEP Events (and Flares) -- 4.1 Selecting Impulsive Events -- 4.2 Sample Impulsive Events -- 4.3 Energy Dependence -- 4.4 Abundances for Z 26 -- 4.5 Abundances for 34 Z 82 -- 4.6 Power-Law Enhancements in A/Q: Source-Plasma Temperatures -- 4.7 Associations: CMEs, Flares, and Jets -- 4.8 Can We Have It Both Ways? -- 4.9 Nuclear Reactions: Gamma-Ray Lines and Neutrons.

4.10 Open Questions -- References -- 5: Gradual SEP Events -- 5.1 Parallel Transport -- 5.1.1 Diffusive Transport -- 5.1.2 Wave Growth -- 5.1.3 Particle Transport -- 5.1.4 Initial Abundance Ratios -- 5.1.5 The Streaming Limit -- 5.1.6 Electron Transport -- 5.2 Angular Distributions -- 5.3 Models and Shock Acceleration -- 5.4 Shock Acceleration In Situ -- 5.5 Averaging SEP Abundances -- 5.6 Source-Plasma Temperatures -- 5.7 Spatial Distributions and the Reservoir -- 5.7.1 Reservoirs, Loops, and Long-Duration d Rays -- 5.8 Non-thermal Variations: Impulsive vs. Gradual SEPs -- 5.9 The Abundance of He and the FIP Effect -- 5.10 Open Questions -- References -- 6: High Energies and Radiation Effects -- 6.1 High-Energy Spectra -- 6.2 The Streaming Limit -- 6.3 Radial Dependence -- 6.4 Radiation Hazards and an SEP Storm Shelter -- 6.5 A Mission to Mars -- 6.6 The Upper Atmosphere of Earth -- 6.7 SEPs and Exoplanets -- References -- 7: Measurements of SEPs -- 7.1 Single-Element Detectors -- 7.2 DeltaE Versus E Telescopes -- 7.2.1 An Example: LEMT -- 7.2.2 Isotope Resolution: SIS -- 7.2.3 Angular Distributions -- 7.2.4 Onboard Processing -- 7.3 Time-of-Flight Versus E -- 7.4 NOAA/GOES -- 7.5 High-Energy Measurements -- 7.6 Problems and Errors -- References -- 8: Element Abundances and FIP: SEPs, Corona, and Solar Wind -- 8.1 Element Abundances in the Sun -- 8.2 The Solar Wind -- 8.3 Corotating Interaction Regions: Accelerated Solar Wind -- 8.4 Comparing FIP Patterns of SEPs and the Solar Wind -- 8.5 FIP Theory: The Sources of SEPs and the Solar Wind -- 8.6 A Full-Sun Map of FIP -- 8.7 A Possible SW-SEP Model -- 8.8 FIP-Dependent Variations in He -- 8.9 Open Questions -- References -- 9: Hydrogen Abundances and Shock Waves -- 9.1 Impulsive SEP Events -- 9.2 Gradual SEP Events -- 9.3 Waves Coupling Proton Velocity with A/Q -- 9.4 Compound Seed Particles.

9.5 CME Associations of Impulsive and Gradual Events -- 9.6 Four Subtypes of SEP Events -- 9.7 Spatial Distributions -- 9.8 Rigidity-Dependence: Acceleration or Transport? -- 9.9 Correlations Between Spectra and Abundances -- 9.10 Open Questions -- References -- 10: Summary and Conclusions.

001895427

express

(Au-PeEL)EBL6511466

(MiAaPQ)EBC6511466

(OCoLC)1243073639