.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

EB

ONLINE

Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2020

1 online resource (532 pages)

ISBN 9783030447663 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9783030447656

Print version: Teot, Luc Textbook on Scar Management Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2020 ISBN 9783030447656

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- I: Biology and Scar Formation -- 1: Fetal Wound Healing -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Inflammation -- 1.3 Extracellular Matrix -- 1.4 Angiogenesis -- 1.5 Keratinocytes -- 1.6 Fibroblasts -- 1.7 Mechanical Forces -- 1.8 Remodeling -- 1.9 Skin Appendix Formation -- 1.10 Conclusions -- References -- 2: Mechanobiology of Cutaneous Scarring -- 2.1 Background -- 2.2 Role of Mechanobiology in Cutaneous Scarring -- 2.3 Cellular and Tissue Responses to Mechanical Forces -- 2.4 Role of Mechanobiology in the Development of Pathological Scars -- 2.5 A Pathological Scar Animal Model that Is Based on Mechanotransduction -- 2.6 Mechanotherapy for Scar Prevention and Treatment -- 2.6.1 Stabilization Materials -- 2.6.2 Sutures -- 2.6.3 Z-Plasty, Skin Grafting, and  Local Flaps -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Scar Formation: Cellular Mechanisms -- 3.1 Background -- 3.2 Introduction -- 3.3 General Mechanisms of Scar Formation -- 3.4 Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Myofibroblast Phenotype -- 3.5 Cellular Origins of Myofibroblasts -- 3.6 Regulation of Myofibroblast Phenotype -- 3.7 Role of Myofibroblasts in Pathological Scarring and Fibrosis -- 3.8 The Role of Mechanical Tension -- 3.9 Role of Innervation in Skin Healing -- 3.10 Therapeutic Options -- 3.11 Conclusion -- References -- II: Epidemiology of Scars and Their Consequences -- 4: The Epidemiology of Keloids -- 4.1 Background -- 4.2 Demographic Risk Factors That Shape Keloid Rates -- 4.3 Genetic Risk Factors That Shape Keloid Rates -- 4.4 Environmental Risk Factors That Shape Keloid Rates -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5: Epidemiology of Scars and Their Consequences: Burn Scars -- 5.1 Burn Injuries and Their Treatment -- 5.1.1 Burn Care -- 5.1.2 Acute Phase.

10.2.11.5 Silicone Gels/Sheets -- 10.2.12 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) -- 10.2.13 Pharmacological Adjuncts -- 10.2.13.1 Capsaicin -- 10.2.13.2 Antihistamines -- 10.2.13.3 Gabapentin/Pregabalin -- 10.2.13.4 Steroids -- 10.2.13.5 Botulinum Toxin -- 10.2.14 Emerging Modalities -- 10.2.14.1 Autologous Fat Grafting -- 10.2.14.2 Lasers -- 10.3 Conclusion -- References -- 11: Scar Symptom: Erythema and Thickness -- 11.1 Mechanisms of Erythema in Scar -- 11.1.1 Inflammation-Induced Capillary Perfusion Is Crucial for Erythema Initiation -- 11.1.2 Vascularization Dynamically Participates in the Erythema Development -- 11.1.3 Thinner Epidermis Is Directly Responsible for the Transparency in Erythematous Scars with Skin Barrier Defect -- 11.2 Contributions of Erythema to Scar Development and Associated Clinical Symptoms -- 11.3 Scar Erythema and Scar Thickness -- 11.4 Clinical Measurement of Scar Redness and Thickness -- 11.5 Clinical Relevance -- 11.5.1 Clinical Treatment Strategies of Erythema in Scars -- 11.5.1.1 Anti-inflammation Strategies to Alleviate Erythema and Hinder Scars Development -- 11.5.1.2 Laser Treatments to Interfere with Erythema from Multiple Perspective -- 11.5.1.3 Compression Therapy -- 11.5.1.4 Medical Needling -- 11.6 Clinical Treatment for Thick Scar -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References -- 12: Scar Symptoms: Pigmentation Disorders -- 12.1 Pathophysiology and Epidemiology -- 12.1.1 Hypopigmentation -- 12.1.2 Hyperpigmentation -- 12.1.3 Maturation -- 12.2 Measurement Techniques -- 12.2.1 Objective Measurement Instruments -- 12.2.2 Scar Assessment Scales -- 12.3 Therapies -- 12.3.1 Hypopigmentation -- 12.3.1.1 Nonsurgical Techniques -- Laser Therapy -- Dermatography -- Camouflage Therapy -- 12.3.1.2 Surgical Techniques -- Dermabrasion -- Skin Grafting -- Cell Therapy -- Microneedling -- Excision.

17.2.1 Erythema and Pigmentation.

7.6.1.2 Timing of Palatal Closure -- 7.6.1.3 Maxillary Growth -- 7.6.1.4 Speech Development -- 7.7 Conclusion -- Further Reading -- III: Hypertrophic and Keloid Scar: Genetics and Proteomic Studies -- 8: Genetics of Keloid Scarring -- 8.1 Background -- 8.2 HLA Immunogenetics -- 8.3 Linkage -- 8.4 Large-Scale Population Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) -- 8.5 Gene Expression -- 8.6 MicroRNAs (miRNA) -- 8.7 Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) -- 8.8 Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) -- 8.9 Microarray Analysis -- 8.10 Epigenetics -- 8.10.1 Methylation -- 8.10.2 Histone Modifications -- 8.11 Mutations -- 8.12 Copy Number Variation -- 8.13 FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) -- 8.14 Conclusions -- Further Readings/Additional Resources -- References -- IV: International Scar Classifications -- 9: International Scar Classification in 2019 -- 9.1 Immature Scar -- 9.2 Mature Scar -- 9.3 Atrophic Scar -- 9.4 Linear Hypertrophic Scar -- 9.5 Widespread Hypertrophic Scar -- 9.6 Keloid -- 9.6.1 Minor Keloid -- 9.6.2 Major Keloid -- Bibliography -- V: Scar Symptoms -- 10: Scar Symptoms: Pruritus and Pain -- 10.1 Pain: Definition and Subtypes -- 10.2 Pain Pathway -- 10.2.1 Peripheral Receptor Activation -- 10.2.2 Ascending Pathway -- 10.2.3 Descending Pathway -- 10.2.4 Peripheral Sensitization -- 10.2.5 Central Sensitization -- 10.2.6 Pruritus: Definition and Subtypes -- 10.2.7 Pruritic Pathway -- 10.2.7.1 Peripheral Receptor Activation -- Histamine -- Acetylcholine -- Bradykinin -- Proteinases -- 10.2.8 Peripheral Nerve Fibers (PNF) -- 10.2.9 Spinal Cord/Itch Specific Neurons -- 10.2.10 Thalamocortical Level -- 10.2.10.1 Incidence/Prevalence of Pain and Itch in Scars -- 10.2.10.2 Management of Symptoms -- 10.2.11 Non-pharmacological Adjuncts -- 10.2.11.1 Psychological Support -- 10.2.11.2 Cooling -- 10.2.11.3 Hydration/Moisturization -- 10.2.11.4 Massage.

10.2.11.5 Silicone Gels/Sheets -- 10.2.12 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) -- 10.2.13 Pharmacological Adjuncts -- 10.2.13.1 Capsaicin -- 10.2.13.2 Antihistamines -- 10.2.13.3 Gabapentin/Pregabalin -- 10.2.13.4 Steroids -- 10.2.13.5 Botulinum Toxin -- 10.2.14 Emerging Modalities -- 10.2.14.1 Autologous Fat Grafting -- 10.2.14.2 Lasers -- 10.3 Conclusion -- References -- 11: Scar Symptom: Erythema and Thickness -- 11.1 Mechanisms of Erythema in Scar -- 11.1.1 Inflammation-Induced Capillary Perfusion Is Crucial for Erythema Initiation -- 11.1.2 Vascularization Dynamically Participates in the Erythema Development -- 11.1.3 Thinner Epidermis Is Directly Responsible for the Transparency in Erythematous Scars with Skin Barrier Defect -- 11.2 Contributions of Erythema to Scar Development and Associated Clinical Symptoms -- 11.3 Scar Erythema and Scar Thickness -- 11.4 Clinical Measurement of Scar Redness and Thickness -- 11.5 Clinical Relevance -- 11.5.1 Clinical Treatment Strategies of Erythema in Scars -- 11.5.1.1 Anti-inflammation Strategies to Alleviate Erythema and Hinder Scars Development -- 11.5.1.2 Laser Treatments to Interfere with Erythema from Multiple Perspective -- 11.5.1.3 Compression Therapy -- 11.5.1.4 Medical Needling -- 11.6 Clinical Treatment for Thick Scar -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References -- 12: Scar Symptoms: Pigmentation Disorders -- 12.1 Pathophysiology and Epidemiology -- 12.1.1 Hypopigmentation -- 12.1.2 Hyperpigmentation -- 12.1.3 Maturation -- 12.2 Measurement Techniques -- 12.2.1 Objective Measurement Instruments -- 12.2.2 Scar Assessment Scales -- 12.3 Therapies -- 12.3.1 Hypopigmentation -- 12.3.1.1 Nonsurgical Techniques -- Laser Therapy -- Dermatography -- Camouflage Therapy -- 12.3.1.2 Surgical Techniques -- Dermabrasion -- Skin Grafting -- Cell Therapy -- Microneedling -- Excision.

12.3.2 Hyperpigmentation -- 12.3.2.1 Nonsurgical Treatment -- Topical Treatments -- Chemical Peels -- Laser Therapy -- 12.3.2.2 Surgical Treatment -- Dermabrasion -- Excision -- 12.4 Conclusion -- References -- 13: Scar Contractures -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 General Features -- 13.3 Contractures of the Neck -- 13.4 Axillar Contractures -- 13.5 Hand Contractures -- 13.6 Other Anatomical Sites of Scar Contractures -- 13.7 Rehabilitation Programs -- 13.8 Surgical Strategies -- 13.9 Z Plasties -- 13.10 Skin Grafts -- 13.11 Dermal Substitutes -- 13.12 Flaps -- 13.13 Conclusion -- References -- VI: Scar Assessment Scales -- 14: Scar Assessment Scales -- 14.1 Background -- 14.2 Domains -- 14.3 Scar Assessment Scales -- 14.4 Measurement Properties/Clinimetrics -- 14.5 Conclusion -- References -- 15: Japan Scar Workshop (JSW) Scar Scale (JSS) for Assessing Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars -- 15.1 Background -- 15.2 JSW Scar Scale (JSS) 2015 -- 15.3 Classification Table -- 15.4 Evaluation Table -- 15.5 Clinical Suitability and Usefulness of the JSS -- 15.6 Conclusion -- References -- VII: Objective Assessment Technologies (Cutometer, Laser Doppler, 3D Imaging, Stereophotogrammetry) -- 16: Objective Assessment Technologies: General Guidelines for Scar Assessment -- 16.1 Background -- 16.2 Choosing the Right Tools for Each Scar -- 16.3 Optimizing the Measurement Process -- 16.3.1 Preparing the Surroundings -- 16.3.2 Configuring and Calibrating the Assessment Tools -- 16.3.3 Preparing the Patient -- 16.3.4 Performing the Measurements -- 16.4 Interpreting Therapeutic Success with Objective Scar Assessment Technologies -- 16.4.1 Data Assessment and Evaluation -- 16.4.2 Clinically Important Difference -- 16.5 Conclusion -- References -- 17: Objective Assessment Tools: Physical Parameters in Scar Assessment -- 17.1 Clinimetrics -- 17.2 Color.

17.2.1 Erythema and Pigmentation.

5.2 Prevalence of Burn Scars and Their Consequences -- 5.2.1 Definition of Scars -- 5.2.2 Prevalence of Hypertrophic Scarring -- 5.2.3 Prevalence of Contractures -- 5.2.4 Scar Quality Assessment -- 5.2.5 Prevalence of Reconstructive Surgery -- 5.2.6 Maturation Pattern -- 5.3 Factors Predicting Scar Outcome After Burns -- 5.3.1 Patient Characteristics -- 5.3.2 Injury and Treatment Characteristics -- 5.3.3 Patient, Injury and Treatment Characteristics Combined -- 5.4 Clinical Relevance -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 6: Scar Epidemiology and Consequences -- 6.1 Introduction and Background -- 6.2 Reminder of the Spectrum of Scars -- 6.2.1 Contractures -- 6.2.2 Extended Scar -- 6.2.3 Atrophic Scar -- 6.2.4 Hypertrophic Scar -- 6.2.5 Keloid Scar -- 6.3 Hypertrophic Scars -- 6.4 Basic Epidemiology -- 6.4.1 Risk Factors -- 6.5 Keloid Scars -- 6.5.1 Basic Epidemiology -- 6.5.2 Risk Factors -- 6.6 Specific Situation: The Burnt Patient Healing -- 6.6.1 Scarred Hypertrophy in Burned Patients: Epidemiology -- 6.6.2 Retracted Scars -- 6.7 Impact of Scars -- 6.8 Conclusion -- References -- 7: Other Scar Types: Optimal Functional and Aesthetic Outcome of Scarring in Cleft Patients -- 7.1 Background -- 7.2 Objectives of Cleft Lip Surgery -- 7.3 Treatment Protocol -- 7.4 Cleft Lip Reconstruction: Surgical Techniques -- 7.4.1 Unilateral Cleft Lip -- 7.4.1.1 Millard Lip Closure -- 7.4.1.2 Fisher Lip Closure -- 7.4.2 Bilateral Cleft Lip -- 7.4.3 Additional Measures to Improve Scarring -- 7.4.3.1 Perioperative Botulinum Toxin -- 7.4.3.2 Sutureless Skin Closure -- 7.4.3.3 Silicone Application -- 7.4.3.4 Postoperative Laser Therapy -- 7.4.3.5 Hair Transplantation -- 7.5 Secondary Cleft Lip Reconstruction -- 7.6 Evaluation of Aesthetic Outcome -- 7.6.1 Palatal Scarring -- 7.6.1.1 Palatal Closure.

7.6.1.2 Timing of Palatal Closure -- 7.6.1.3 Maxillary Growth -- 7.6.1.4 Speech Development -- 7.7 Conclusion -- Further Reading -- III: Hypertrophic and Keloid Scar: Genetics and Proteomic Studies -- 8: Genetics of Keloid Scarring -- 8.1 Background -- 8.2 HLA Immunogenetics -- 8.3 Linkage -- 8.4 Large-Scale Population Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) -- 8.5 Gene Expression -- 8.6 MicroRNAs (miRNA) -- 8.7 Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) -- 8.8 Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) -- 8.9 Microarray Analysis -- 8.10 Epigenetics -- 8.10.1 Methylation -- 8.10.2 Histone Modifications -- 8.11 Mutations -- 8.12 Copy Number Variation -- 8.13 FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) -- 8.14 Conclusions -- Further Readings/Additional Resources -- References -- IV: International Scar Classifications -- 9: International Scar Classification in 2019 -- 9.1 Immature Scar -- 9.2 Mature Scar -- 9.3 Atrophic Scar -- 9.4 Linear Hypertrophic Scar -- 9.5 Widespread Hypertrophic Scar -- 9.6 Keloid -- 9.6.1 Minor Keloid -- 9.6.2 Major Keloid -- Bibliography -- V: Scar Symptoms -- 10: Scar Symptoms: Pruritus and Pain -- 10.1 Pain: Definition and Subtypes -- 10.2 Pain Pathway -- 10.2.1 Peripheral Receptor Activation -- 10.2.2 Ascending Pathway -- 10.2.3 Descending Pathway -- 10.2.4 Peripheral Sensitization -- 10.2.5 Central Sensitization -- 10.2.6 Pruritus: Definition and Subtypes -- 10.2.7 Pruritic Pathway -- 10.2.7.1 Peripheral Receptor Activation -- Histamine -- Acetylcholine -- Bradykinin -- Proteinases -- 10.2.8 Peripheral Nerve Fibers (PNF) -- 10.2.9 Spinal Cord/Itch Specific Neurons -- 10.2.10 Thalamocortical Level -- 10.2.10.1 Incidence/Prevalence of Pain and Itch in Scars -- 10.2.10.2 Management of Symptoms -- 10.2.11 Non-pharmacological Adjuncts -- 10.2.11.1 Psychological Support -- 10.2.11.2 Cooling -- 10.2.11.3 Hydration/Moisturization -- 10.2.11.4 Massage.

001895453

express

(Au-PeEL)EBL6523352

(MiAaPQ)EBC6523352

(OCoLC)1228649737