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EB

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Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2021

1 online resource (449 pages)

ISBN 9783030708900 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9783030708894

Print version: Reiners, Wulf EU-Turkey Relations Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2021 ISBN 9783030708894

3.3.1 1997-1999: Exclusion from the Enlargement Wave -- 3.3.2 2000-2010: Rise of Membership Prospects and the Period of Convergence.

2.2 Neoliberalism: Core Assumptions and Departure Points -- 2.3 Liberal Intergovernmentalism: A Three-Step Approach to European Integration -- 2.3.1 Step One: State-Society Relations and the Formation of National Preferences -- 2.3.2 Step Two: Interstate Bargaining -- 2.3.3 Step Three: Institutional Formation -- 2.4 EU-Turkey Relations Over Time: Testing LI Theory -- 2.4.1 The 1963 Association Agreement -- 2.4.2 Turkey’s Membership Application and the Signing of the Customs Union -- 2.4.3 Turkey’s EU Accession Talks: A Difficult Case -- 2.4.4 The EU-Turkey Trajectory Post-2005: Transactionalism in Action -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Constructivist Approaches to EU-Turkey Relations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Constructivism and EU-Turkey Relations -- 3.3 The Constructivist Literature on EU-Turkey Relations: Navigating Through Change and Theoretical Differences ---

3.3.1 1997-1999: Exclusion from the Enlargement Wave -- 3.3.2 2000-2010: Rise of Membership Prospects and the Period of Convergence.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Unpacking the New Complexities of EU-Turkey Relations: Merging Theories, Institutions, and Policies -- 1.1 The New Complexities of EU-Turkey Relations -- 1.2 Key Determinants and Milestones of EU-Turkey Relations -- 1.2.1 Exogenous Determinants: Multilateral Frameworks and External Crises -- 1.2.2 Endogenous Determinants: Internal EU and Turkish Domestic Developments -- 1.2.3 Bilateral Determinants: Accession Process and Sectoral Cooperation -- 1.3 A Three-Dimensional Approach to Advance EU-Turkey Studies -- 1.4 Complementary and Competing Perspectives: Theories, Institutions, and Policies -- References -- Part I Theories and Concepts -- 2 Neoliberalism, Liberal Intergovernmentalism and EU-Turkey Relations -- 2.1 Introduction ---

10.2.3 Methodology: VoteWatch as the Key to Assessing Power Dynamics in the European Parliament.

12.3.2 The Customs Union Under Changing Political and Global Circumstances -- 12.3.3 Could a Modernized Customs Union Re-Anchor Turkey to Its EU Route? -- 12.4 Conclusion -- References.

5.3.4.1 Polity: Customs Union and Migration at the Forefront.

8 The European Council as a Key Driver of EU-Turkey Relations: Central Functions, Internal Dynamics, and Evolving Preferences -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 EU-Turkey Relations: The Many Faces of the European Council.

10.2.4 Changes in Sentiment in EU-Turkey Relations? Parliamentary Voting Results from 2005 to 2019 -- 10.2.4.1 Decreasing Support for Turkey’s Accession in the European Parliament -- 10.2.4.2 Strategic Non-voters in the European Parliament -- 10.2.5 Politicized Voting Behavior of Political Groups in the European Parliament -- 10.3 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Part III Policies -- 11 Turkey as a Special and (Almost) Dead Case of EU Enlargement Policy -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Concept, Motives, and Criteria of EU Enlargement -- 11.3 Critical Questions for the EU with Regard to Turkey’s Membership Application -- 11.3.1 Europeanness -- 11.3.2 Strategic Value -- 11.3.3 Political Order, Democracy, and Political Culture -- 11.3.4 Impact and Absorption Capacity -- 11.4 Enlargement Doctrine and Management of Turkey’s Accession Process ---

3.3.3 2011-2020: Freezing of Accession Negotiations and the Period of Conflictual Cooperation -- 3.4 Future of Constructivist Approaches to EU-Turkey Relations -- References -- 4 Historical Institutionalism and EU-Turkey Relations: Path Dependence and Critical Junctures in the Accession Process -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Historical Institutionalism -- 4.2.1 The Role of Time in Political Science and International Relations -- 4.2.2 New Institutionalism -- 4.2.3 Stasis and Change -- 4.2.4 Historical Institutionalism and Turkey’s EU Accession Process -- 4.3 Turkey’s EU Accession Process: Stasis and Change Since 2005 -- 4.3.1 Vetoes -- 4.3.2 The ’Positive Agenda’ -- 4.3.3 The Refugee Crisis -- 4.3.4 Authoritarian Drift -- 4.4 The Accession Process Goes on (and on?) -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Europeanization and EU-Turkey Relations: Three Domains, Four Periods -- 5.1 Introduction ---

8.3 The European Council and Turkey’s EU Accession Process: Far-Reaching Decisions, Unilateral Vetoes, and Growing Doubts -- 8.3.1 The European Council’s Rise as a Positive Driver of Turkey’s Accession Process -- 8.3.2 The European Council’s Development from a Positive Driver to a Brakeman in Turkey’s EU Path -- 8.4 EU-Turkey Cooperation in Times of Crisis: An Ever-Growing Role or Challenge for the European Council? -- 8.5 The European Council as the ’Agenda and Direction Setter’ in EU-Turkey Relations: Competing Narratives on Turkey -- 8.5.1 The Normative Narrative -- 8.5.2 The Accession Narrative -- 8.5.3 The Transactional Partnership Narrative -- 8.5.4 The Conflict Narrative -- 8.6 Conclusion and Outlook: A Key Institution’s Ever-Evolving Role in a Conflictual Partnership -- References -- 9 The European Commission’s Role in EU-Turkey Relations ---

10.2.3 Methodology: VoteWatch as the Key to Assessing Power Dynamics in the European Parliament.

11.4.1 Pre-stages: Association, Customs Union, Application for Membership and Candidate Status -- 11.4.2 Framework for Negotiations -- 11.4.3 Conduct of Negotiations -- 11.5 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- 12 The EU as an Anchor for Turkey’s Macroeconomic and Trade Policy -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The EU and Turkey’s Macroeconomic Reform Process: An Effective Anchor? -- 12.2.1 From the 1980s to the Helsinki Summit -- 12.2.2 Post-Helsinki Process: Rising Hope for EU Membership on the Eve of Accession Negotiations -- 12.2.3 Backsliding in the Turkish Economy, Changing Macroeconomic Preferences, and the Weakening of the EU Anchor -- 12.3 Trade Policy: The EU as an External (but Fading) Catalyst -- 12.3.1 Credible Commitments Under EU Anchoring: Trade Policy and the Customs Union ---

12.3.2 The Customs Union Under Changing Political and Global Circumstances -- 12.3.3 Could a Modernized Customs Union Re-Anchor Turkey to Its EU Route? -- 12.4 Conclusion -- References.

5.2 Europeanization Studies and the Research Agenda on Turkey -- 5.3 Europeanization in Turkey: Four Phases -- 5.3.1 Europeanization as Rapprochement (1959-1999) -- 5.3.1.1 Polity: The European Economic Community as a Natural Extension of Western Organizations -- 5.3.1.2 Policy: First Steps in EEC-Induced Policies -- 5.3.1.3 Politics: ’Europe’ as an Identity Marker in Turkish Politics -- 5.3.2 Europeanization as Democratic Conditionality (2000-2005) -- 5.3.2.1 Polity: Transformation of the Strong State Tradition -- 5.3.2.2 Policy: Policy Reforms to Meet EU Accession Criteria -- 5.3.2.3 Politics: Europe as Everybody’s Project -- 5.3.3 Europeanization as Retrenchment (2006-2011) -- 5.3.3.1 Polity: Focus on State-Society Relations -- 5.3.3.2 Policy: Selective Europeanization -- 5.3.3.3 Politics: ’Europe’ No Longer the Lingua Franca -- 5.3.4 Europeanization as Denial (2012-2020) ---

5.3.4.1 Polity: Customs Union and Migration at the Forefront.

7 Differentiated Integration: An Alternative Conceptualization of EU-Turkey Relations -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Many Faces of Differentiation in European Integration and EU-Turkey Relations -- 7.2.1 Defining the Concept of Differentiated Integration -- 7.2.2 Concepts of Differentiation in Debates on EU-Turkey Relations -- 7.3 Theoretical Considerations on the Explanatory Value of Differentiated Integration for EU-Turkey Relations -- 7.4 The Variable Geometries of EU-Turkey Relations -- 7.4.1 Accession: A Lost Cause for EU-Turkey Relations? -- 7.4.2 Functional Cooperation: Differentiating the Picture of EU-Turkey Relations -- 7.4.3 Intergovernmental Cooperation: The Outer Layer of the EU’s Variable Geometries with Turkey -- 7.5 Conclusions and Outlook on the Differentiated Future of EU-Turkey Relations -- References -- Part II Institutions ---

8 The European Council as a Key Driver of EU-Turkey Relations: Central Functions, Internal Dynamics, and Evolving Preferences -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 EU-Turkey Relations: The Many Faces of the European Council.

9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Fields of EC-Turkey Relations -- 9.2.1 Accession Negotiations -- 9.2.2 Trade Relations -- 9.2.3 Refugee Management and Visa Liberalization Process -- 9.2.4 High Level Dialogues -- 9.3 The Commission as a Critical but Fair Supporter of Turkey’s Accession Prospects -- 9.4 The Commission as an Agent for Change in Turkey -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- 10 The European Parliament’s Perspective on EU-Turkey Relations -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 EU-Turkey Relations and the European Parliament -- 10.2.1 History and Formal Competencies -- 10.2.2 Relevant Actors and Procedures in the European Parliament -- 10.2.2.1 Members of the European Parliament -- 10.2.2.2 The European Parliament’s Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee -- 10.2.2.3 Composition of the European Parliament Delegation -- 10.2.2.4 Resolutions ---

10.2.4 Changes in Sentiment in EU-Turkey Relations? Parliamentary Voting Results from 2005 to 2019 -- 10.2.4.1 Decreasing Support for Turkey’s Accession in the European Parliament -- 10.2.4.2 Strategic Non-voters in the European Parliament -- 10.2.5 Politicized Voting Behavior of Political Groups in the European Parliament -- 10.3 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Part III Policies -- 11 Turkey as a Special and (Almost) Dead Case of EU Enlargement Policy -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Concept, Motives, and Criteria of EU Enlargement -- 11.3 Critical Questions for the EU with Regard to Turkey’s Membership Application -- 11.3.1 Europeanness -- 11.3.2 Strategic Value -- 11.3.3 Political Order, Democracy, and Political Culture -- 11.3.4 Impact and Absorption Capacity -- 11.4 Enlargement Doctrine and Management of Turkey’s Accession Process ---

13 From Convergence to Divergence: The Compatibility of Turkish and EU Foreign Policy.

3.3.3 2011-2020: Freezing of Accession Negotiations and the Period of Conflictual Cooperation -- 3.4 Future of Constructivist Approaches to EU-Turkey Relations -- References -- 4 Historical Institutionalism and EU-Turkey Relations: Path Dependence and Critical Junctures in the Accession Process -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Historical Institutionalism -- 4.2.1 The Role of Time in Political Science and International Relations -- 4.2.2 New Institutionalism -- 4.2.3 Stasis and Change -- 4.2.4 Historical Institutionalism and Turkey’s EU Accession Process -- 4.3 Turkey’s EU Accession Process: Stasis and Change Since 2005 -- 4.3.1 Vetoes -- 4.3.2 The ’Positive Agenda’ -- 4.3.3 The Refugee Crisis -- 4.3.4 Authoritarian Drift -- 4.4 The Accession Process Goes on (and on?) -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Europeanization and EU-Turkey Relations: Three Domains, Four Periods -- 5.1 Introduction ---

5.3.4.2 Policy: The Continuation of Selective Europeanization -- 5.3.4.3 Politics: ’These Things Happen in Europe As Well’ -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Rhetorical Entrapment in EU-Turkey Relations -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Theory: Strategic Actors, Community Environments, and Rhetorical Action -- 6.2.1 Rationalist Institutionalism and Enlargement -- 6.2.2 Sociological Institutionalism and Enlargement -- 6.2.3 Rhetorical Action and Enlargement -- 6.2.4 Eastern Enlargement: The Original Context of the Rhetorical Action Argument -- 6.3 Rhetorical Entrapment at Work: The Way to EU Membership Negotiations with Turkey -- 6.3.1 A Hard Case -- 6.3.2 From No to Yes on Turkish Candidate Status -- 6.3.3 Rhetorical Entrapment and the Opening of Accession Negotiations -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References ---

8.3 The European Council and Turkey’s EU Accession Process: Far-Reaching Decisions, Unilateral Vetoes, and Growing Doubts -- 8.3.1 The European Council’s Rise as a Positive Driver of Turkey’s Accession Process -- 8.3.2 The European Council’s Development from a Positive Driver to a Brakeman in Turkey’s EU Path -- 8.4 EU-Turkey Cooperation in Times of Crisis: An Ever-Growing Role or Challenge for the European Council? -- 8.5 The European Council as the ’Agenda and Direction Setter’ in EU-Turkey Relations: Competing Narratives on Turkey -- 8.5.1 The Normative Narrative -- 8.5.2 The Accession Narrative -- 8.5.3 The Transactional Partnership Narrative -- 8.5.4 The Conflict Narrative -- 8.6 Conclusion and Outlook: A Key Institution’s Ever-Evolving Role in a Conflictual Partnership -- References -- 9 The European Commission’s Role in EU-Turkey Relations ---

001895661

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(Au-PeEL)EBL6636696

(MiAaPQ)EBC6636696

(OCoLC)1257665641