.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

EB

ONLINE

Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2021

1 online resource (127 pages)

ISBN 9783030701765 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9783030701758

SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science Ser.

Print version: Stephansen, Cathrine Assessing Environmental Risk of Oil Spills with ERA Acute Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2021 ISBN 9783030701758

4 Testing and Validating Against Historic Spills.

2.4 Damage and Risk Assessment -- 2.5 Risk Mitigation and Net Environmental Benefit Assessments -- References-ERM Applications -- 3 An ERA Acute Model Overview -- 3.1 Setting up the Case and Input to Exposure Calculations -- 3.2 Impact and Restoration Modelling -- 3.2.1 Step A: Impact Modelling -- 3.2.2 Step B: Impact Duration Modelling -- 3.2.3 The Two Steps Together and the Resource Damage Factor -- 3.3 Surface Compartment Calculations -- 3.3.1 Impact Modelling -- 3.3.2 Time Factors and Recovery Modelling -- 3.4 Shoreline Compartment -- 3.4.1 Impact Modelling -- 3.4.2 Time Factors and Recovery Modelling -- 3.5 Water Column Compartment -- 3.5.1 Impact Modelling -- 3.5.2 Time Factors and Recovery Modelling -- 3.6 Seafloor Compartment Functions -- 3.6.1 Impact Modelling -- 3.6.2 Time Factors and Recovery Modelling -- 3.7 Summarizing Impacts in Cells to Scenarios and DSHAs -- References-Model Outline ---

4 Testing and Validating Against Historic Spills.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About This Book -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction to the Concepts and Use of ERA Acute -- 1.1 Why the Need for a New Methodology? -- 1.2 Methodology, Model and Software -- 1.3 Basic Concepts of ERA Acute -- 1.3.1 Four Compartments -- 1.3.2 ERA Acute Uses Continuous Risk Functions -- 1.3.3 Two Main Steps-Three Levels of Detail -- 1.3.4 Introducing the Resource Damage Factor -- 1.4 Inputs Needed for ERA Acute -- 1.4.1 Oil Spill Trajectory Modelling -- 1.4.2 Valued Ecosystem Components -- 1.4.3 Model Input Parameters -- 1.5 From Spill Scenario to Case and from Damage to Risk -- 1.6 What Can ERA Acute Results Be Used for? -- 1.7 Model Sensitivity and Uncertainty Issues -- References-Introduction -- 2 Environmental Risk Management Applications of ERA Acute -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 ERA Acute Usage Areas -- 2.3 Environmental Risk Screening ---

4.1 Method of Validation Against Historic Spills -- 4.1.1 Analysis Areas -- 4.1.2 Construction of Performance Boundaries -- 4.1.3 Reconstruction of the Oil Spills in the Analysis Areas -- 4.1.4 Reconstruction of Resource Data in the Analysis Areas -- 4.2 Results of the Validation -- 4.2.1 Oil Drift -- 4.2.2 Acute Mortality in the Surface Compartment -- 4.2.3 Impact in the Shoreline Compartment -- 4.3 Discussion of the Validation -- References-Testing and Validation -- 5 Handling Uncertainty and Sensitivity of ERA Acute Towards Input Parameters -- 5.1 Sensitivity Testing and Uncertainty Handling -- 5.2 Methods Used in Sensitivity Testing -- 5.2.1 Deterministic Testing -- 5.2.2 Stochastic Testing -- 5.2.3 Example from Surface Compartment -- 5.3 Uncertainty Scoring of the Parameters -- 5.3.1 Surface Compartment -- 5.3.2 Water Column Compartment -- 5.3.3 Shoreline Compartment -- 5.3.4 Seafloor Compartment -- 5.4 Recommended Uncertainty Handling at This Point in Model Development -- References-Sensitivity Testing -- Supplementary Information 1 -- A.1 Surface Compartment Parameter Values -- A.2 References for the Supplementary Information Tables -- A.2.1 Oil Film Thickness -- A.2.2 Individual Vulnerability Factors (pbeh and pphy) -- A.2.3 Generic Fundamental Net Reproductive Rates (R) -- A.2.3.1 Seabirds -- A.2.3.2 True Seals, Sea Lions and Fur Seals, Baleen Whales -- A.2.3.3 Walrus, Aquatic Mammals -- A.2.3.4 Toothed Whales, Sea Cows, Sea Turtles -- Index.

4.1 Method of Validation Against Historic Spills -- 4.1.1 Analysis Areas -- 4.1.2 Construction of Performance Boundaries -- 4.1.3 Reconstruction of the Oil Spills in the Analysis Areas -- 4.1.4 Reconstruction of Resource Data in the Analysis Areas -- 4.2 Results of the Validation -- 4.2.1 Oil Drift -- 4.2.2 Acute Mortality in the Surface Compartment -- 4.2.3 Impact in the Shoreline Compartment -- 4.3 Discussion of the Validation -- References-Testing and Validation -- 5 Handling Uncertainty and Sensitivity of ERA Acute Towards Input Parameters -- 5.1 Sensitivity Testing and Uncertainty Handling -- 5.2 Methods Used in Sensitivity Testing -- 5.2.1 Deterministic Testing -- 5.2.2 Stochastic Testing -- 5.2.3 Example from Surface Compartment -- 5.3 Uncertainty Scoring of the Parameters -- 5.3.1 Surface Compartment -- 5.3.2 Water Column Compartment -- 5.3.3 Shoreline Compartment -- 5.3.4 Seafloor Compartment -- 5.4 Recommended Uncertainty Handling at This Point in Model Development -- References-Sensitivity Testing -- Supplementary Information 1 -- A.1 Surface Compartment Parameter Values -- A.2 References for the Supplementary Information Tables -- A.2.1 Oil Film Thickness -- A.2.2 Individual Vulnerability Factors (pbeh and pphy) -- A.2.3 Generic Fundamental Net Reproductive Rates (R) -- A.2.3.1 Seabirds -- A.2.3.2 True Seals, Sea Lions and Fur Seals, Baleen Whales -- A.2.3.3 Walrus, Aquatic Mammals -- A.2.3.4 Toothed Whales, Sea Cows, Sea Turtles -- Index.

001895832

express

(Au-PeEL)EBL6648423

(MiAaPQ)EBC6648423

(OCoLC)1250349067