.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

EB

ONLINE

Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2021

1 online resource (265 pages)

ISBN 9783030591403 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9783030591397

Print version: van Nes, Akkelies Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2021 ISBN 9783030591397

Intro -- Preface -- The Need for a Textbook on Space Syntax -- In Brief: What Is Space Syntax? -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Further Credits -- Sponsors -- Endorsement -- Contents -- 1 Established Urban Research Traditions and the Platform for Space Syntax -- Abstract -- 1.1 Space and Human Activities -- 1.2 Established Traditions for the Physical Form of Cities -- 1.2.1 Urban Morphology Tradition -- 1.2.2 Place Phenomenological Tradition -- 1.2.3 Urban (Street) Network Tradition -- 1.3 The Platform for Space Syntax: Definitions of Urban Space -- 1.3.1 Intrinsic Properties of Urban Space -- 1.3.2 Extrinsic Properties of Space -- 1.4 Conclusions -- 1.5 Exercises -- 1.6 Answers -- References -- Further Readings -- 2 Analysing Linear Spatial Relationships: The Measures of Connectivity, Integration, and Choice -- Abstract -- 2.1 The Linear Urban Space -- 2.2 Connectivity -- 2.2.1 One-Step Analysis -- 2.2.2 Two-Step Analysis -- 2.2.3 Three-Step and N-Step or Point-Depth Analyses -- 2.3 Global Axial Integration Analysis -- 2.3.1 The Mathematical Formulas for Calculating Global Integration -- 2.3.2 Global Spatial Integration and Segregation -- 2.4 Local Integration Analysis -- 2.5 Angular Segment Analysis -- 2.5.1 Radii Used in Segment Analysis -- 2.5.2 Angular Choice: Main Routes Through Cities and Regions -- 2.5.3 Angular (Segment) Integration: The Location of Urban Centres -- 2.5.4 A More Elaborate Explanation for How to Calculate Angular (Segment) Integration and Choice -- 2.5.5 Normalising Angular Integration and Angular Choice Values: NAIN and NACH -- 2.6 Four-Pointed Star Model -- 2.7 The Use of Scatterplots -- 2.8 Conclusions: Common Errors and Mistakes When Analysing Linear Urban Space -- 2.9 Exercises -- References -- Further Readings -- 3 Orientation and Wayfinding: Measuring Visibility -- Abstract -- 3.1 Isovist Analyses.

3.2 Visual Graph Analysis -- 3.3 All-Line Axial Analysis -- 3.4 Agent-Based Modelling -- 3.5 Conclusion: Some Common Errors to Be Aware Of -- 3.6 Exercises -- 3.7 Answers -- References -- Further Readings -- 4 Private and Public Space: Analysing Spatial Relationships Between Buildings and Streets -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction to Natural Surveillance and Urban Liveliness -- 4.2 Constitutedness and Unconstitutedness -- 4.3 Intervisibility and Density of Entrances and Windows to Streets -- 4.4 The Topological Depth Between Private and Public Space -- 4.5 Combination of Micro and Macro-spatial Measurements -- 4.6 Conclusion -- 4.7 Exercises -- 4.8 Answers -- References -- Further Readings -- 5 Empirical Data Collection and Analysis, and Connecting Data with Space Syntax -- Abstract -- 5.1 Linking Space Syntax Analyses to Empirical Data on Human Activities -- 5.2 Observation Techniques -- 5.2.1 Pedestrian, Car, and Bicycle Movement Flows: Gate Counts -- 5.2.2 Stationary Activities: Snapshots -- 5.2.3 Pedestrian Routes (Traces): Pedestrian Following -- 5.2.4 General Movement Traces -- 5.2.5 Ethnographic Observations: The Walking with Video Approach -- 5.2.6 Phenotypological Registration on Site -- 5.3 Map-Based Surveying -- 5.4 In-Depth Interviews -- 5.5 Secondary Data -- 5.6 Coding: Analysing Qualitative Data -- 5.7 Statistics: Analysing Quantitative Data -- 5.7.1 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics -- 5.7.2 Pie Graph, Bar Graph, and Line Graph.

5.7.3 Scatterplot and Correlation Coefficient5.7.3 Scatterplot and Correlation Coefficient5.7.3 Scatterplot and Correlation Coefficient5.7.3 Scatterplot and Correlation Coefficient5.7.3 Scatterplot and Correlation Coefficient5.7.3 Scatterplot and Correlation Coefficient5.7.3 Scatterplot and Correlation Coefficient5.7.3 Scatterplot and Correlation Coefficient5.7.3 Scatterplot and Correlation Coefficient5.7.3 Scatterplot and Correlation Coefficient5.7.3 Scatterplot and Correlation Coefficient5.7.3 -- 5.8 Aggregations and Additive Weighted Combinations of Space Syntax Results with Other Methods Through GIS -- 5.9 Conclusions -- 5.10 Exercises -- References -- Further Readings -- 6 Theoretical Representations of the Built Environment -- Abstract -- 6.1 Generalisations on Urban Space and Society -- 6.2 Two Established Research Traditions-Positivism and Hermeneutics -- 6.3 Space Syntax’s Positivistic Explanatory Models -- 6.3.1 The Theory of Spatial Combinatorics -- 6.3.2 The Theory of the Natural Movement Economic Process -- 6.3.3 The Theory of the Natural Urban Transformation Process -- 6.3.4 How Space Syntax Allows Theory Building in Line with the Positivism Tradition -- 6.4 Space Syntax’s Hermeneutic Explanatory Models -- 6.5 Conjunctions and Disjunctions of a Phenomenon -- 6.6 Research Connected to Space Syntax in the Positivism and Hermeneutic Traditions -- 6.6.1 Three Spatial Parameters for Urban Centrality -- 6.6.2 Economic and Cultural Aspects Related to Urban Centrality -- 6.6.3 Dealing with Understandings: Context-Dependent Space Syntax Research in Line with the Hermeneutic Tradition -- 6.6.3.1 Space and Crime -- 6.6.3.2 Space and Social Integration Versus Social Segregation -- 6.6.3.3 Space and Gender -- 6.6.3.4 Space and Cultures -- 6.6.3.5 Space and Political and Ethnic Conflicts.

6.7 Context-Dependence: How Space Syntax Theories Can Be Distorted -- 6.8 A Significant Piece Towards a Comprehensive Theory on the Built Environment -- 6.9 Epilogue: A Thought Experiment for the Sustainable City Debate -- 6.9.1 Describing Compactness with Space Syntax -- 6.9.2 The Street-Building Interface and Its Impact on Street Life and Safety -- 6.9.3 Spatial Structure, Configuration, and Sustainability -- 6.10 Exercises -- 6.11 Answers -- References -- Further Readings -- 7 Space Syntax Applied in Urban Practice -- Abstract -- 7.1 From Theory to Practice-The "What Happens if…" Relationship -- 7.2 Spatial Principles for Designing Vital and Safe Public Realms -- 7.3 Learning from Past Errors -- 7.4 Examples from Practice -- 7.4.1 Public Realm Design for Trafalgar Square, London, United Kingdom -- 7.4.2 Evaluating a New Road Connection Through the City of Leiden, the Netherlands -- 7.4.3 The Densification Strategy Plan for Bergen Municipality in Norway -- 7.4.4 Regional Strategic Plan for North Holland, the Netherlands -- 7.5 Conclusion -- 7.6 Exercises -- 7.7 Answers -- References -- Further Readings -- Index.

001895878

express

1 Established Urban Research Traditions and the Platform for Space Syntax 1 // 1.1 Space and Human Activities 2 // 1.2 Established Traditions for the Physical Form of Cities 5 // 1.2.1 Urban Morphology Tradition 5 // 1.2.2 Place Phenomenological Tradition 11 // 1.2.3 Urban (Street) Network Tradition 15 // 1.3 The Platform for Space Syntax: Definitions of Urban Space 20 // 1.3.1 Intrinsic Properties of Urban Space 21 // 1.3.2 Extrinsic Properties of Space 25 // 1.4 Conclusions 29 // 1.5 Exercises 30 // 1.6 Answers 31 // References 32 // Further Readings 33 // 2 Analysing Linear Spatial Relationships: The Measures of Connectivity, Integration, and Choice 35 // 2.1 The Linear Urban Space 36 // 2.2 Connectivity 39 // 2.2.1 One-Step Analysis 39 // 2.2.2 Two-Step Analysis 41 // 2.2.3 Three-Step and N-Step or Point-Depth Analyses 44 // 2.3 Global Axial Integration Analysis 46 // 2.3.1 The Mathematical Formulas for Calculating Global Integration 48 // 2.3.2 Global Spatial Integration and Segregation 50 // 2.4 Local Integration Analysis 53 // 2.5 Angular Segment Analysis 57 // 2.5.1 Radii Used in Segment Analysis 62 // 2.5.2 Angular Choice: Main Routes Through Cities and Regions 66 // 2.5.3 Angular (Segment) Integration: The Location of Urban Centres 70 // 2.5.4 A More Elaborate Explanation for How to Calculate Angular // (Segment) Integration and Choice 75 // 2.5.5 Normalising Angular Integration and Angular Choice Values: NAIN and NACH 76 // 2.6 Four-Pointed Star Model 79 // 2.7 The Use of Scatterplots 82 // 2.8 Conclusions: Common Errors and Mistakes When Analysing Linear // Urban Space 83 // 2.9 Exercises 83 // References 84 // Further Readings 86 // 3 Orientation and Wayfinding: Measuring Visibility 87 // 3.1 Isovist Analyses 88 // 3.2 Visual Graph Analysis 94 // 3.3 All-Line Axial Analysis 103 // 3.4 Agent-Based Modelling 105 // 3.5 Conclusion: Some Common Errors to Be Aware Of 108 //

3.6 Exercises 109 // 3.7 Answers 110 // References 110 // Further Readings 110 // 4 Private and Public Space: Analysing Spatial Relationships Between // Buildings and Streets 113 // 4.1 Introduction to Natural Surveillance and Urban Liveliness 114 // 4.2 Constitutedness and Unconstitutedness 116 // 4.3 Intervisibility and Density of Entrances and Windows to Streets 119 // 4.4 The Topological Depth Between Private and Public Space 122 // 4.5 Combination of Micro and Macro-spatial Measurements 126 // 4.6 Conclusion 126 // 4.7 Exercises 128 // 4.8 Answers 129 // References 130 // Further Readings 131 // 5 Empirical Data Collection and Analysis, and Connecting Data with Space Syntax 133 // 5.1 Linking Space Syntax Analyses to Empirical Data on Human Activities 134 // 5.2 Observation Techniques 135 // 5.2.1 Pedestrian, Car, and Bicycle Movement Flows: Gate Counts 135 // 5.2.2 Stationary Activities: Snapshots 138 // 5.2.3 Pedestrian Routes (Traces): Pedestrian Following 141 // 5.2.4 General Movement Traces 144 // 5.2.5 Ethnographic Observations: The Walking with Video Approach 144 // 5.2.6 Phenotypological Registration on Site 145 // 5.3 Map-Based Surveying 146 // 5.4 In-Depth Interviews 148 // 5.5 Secondary Data 150 // 5.6 Coding: Analysing Qualitative Data 152 // 5.7 Statistics: Analysing Quantitative Data 154 // 5.7.1 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 156 // 5.7.2 Pie Graph, Bar Graph, and Line Graph 156 // 5.7.3 Scatterplot and Correlation Coefficient 158 // 5.8 Aggregations and Additive Weighted Combinations of Space Syntax // Results with Other Methods Through GIS 161 // 5.9 Conclusions 166 // 5.10 Exercises 167 // References 168 // Further Readings 170 // 6 Theoretical Representations of the Built Environment 171 // 6.1 Generalisations on Urban Space and Society 172 // 6.2 Two Established Research Traditions-Positivism and Hermeneutics 173 //

6.3 Space Syntax’s Positivistic Explanatory Models 176 // 6.3.1 The Theory of Spatial Combinatorics 176 // 6.3.2 The Theory of the Natural Movement Economic Process 178 // 6.3.3 The Theory of the Natural Urban Transformation Process 179 // 6.3.4 How Space Syntax Allows Theory Building in Line // with the Positivism Tradition 180 // 6.4 Space Syntax’s Hermeneutic Explanatory Models 181 // 6.5 Conjunctions and Disjunctions of a Phenomenon 184 // 6.6 Research Connected to Space Syntax in the Positivism and Hermeneutic // Traditions 185 // 6.6.1 Three Spatial Parameters for Urban Centrality 186 // 6.6.2 Economic and Cultural Aspects Related to Urban Centrality 187 // 6.6.3 Dealing with Understandings: Context-Dependent Space Syntax // Research in Line with the Hermeneutic Tradition 190 // 6.7 Context-Dependence: How Space Syntax Theories Can Be Distorted 198 // 6.8 A Significant Piece Towards a Comprehensive Theory on the Built // Environment 200 // 6.9 Epilogue: A Thought Experiment for the Sustainable City Debate 201 // 6.9.1 Describing Compactness with Space Syntax 202 // 6.9.2 The Street-Building Interface and Its Impact on Street // Life and Safety 204 // 6.9.3 Spatial Structure, Configuration, and Sustainability 207 // 6.10 Exercises 208 // 6.11 Answers 210 // References 210 // Further Readings 212 // 7 Space Syntax Applied in Urban Practice 213 // 7.1 From Theory to Practice-The "What Happens if ” Relationship 214 // 7.2 Spatial Principles for Designing Vital and Safe Public Realms 215 // 7.3 Learning from Past Errors 219 // 7.4 Examples from Practice 222 // 7.4.1 Public Realm Design for Trafalgar Square, London, United // Kingdom 222 // 7.4.2 Evaluating a New Road Connection Through the City of Leiden, the Netherlands 225 // 7.4.3 The Densification Strategy Plan for Bergen Municipality in Norway 227 //

7.4.4 Regional Strategic Plan for North Holland, the Netherlands 229 // 7.5 Conclusion 234 // 7.6 Exercises 235 // 7.7 Answers 236 // References 236 // Further Readings 237 // Index 239

(Au-PeEL)EBL6687084

(MiAaPQ)EBC6687084

(OCoLC)1262726450