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Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2021

1 online resource (274 pages)

ISBN 9783030638924 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9783030638917

Perspectives in Nursing Management and Care for Older Adults Ser.

Print version: Geirsdottir, Olof G. Interdisciplinary Nutritional Management and Care for Older Adults Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2021 ISBN 9783030638917

3.3.2 Nutritional Diagnosis -- 3.3.3 Etiologic Criteria.

1.7 Summary: Finishing Off with a List of New Questions -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 2: Nutritional Requirements in Geriatrics -- 2.1 Nutritional Recommendations for Older Adults, Geriatric and Orthogeriatric Patients -- 2.2 Nutritional Recommendations for Older Adults -- 2.2.1 Energy Requirement and Recommended Intake -- 2.2.2 Protein Requirement and Recommended Intake -- 2.2.3 Micronutrients and Dietary Fibers -- 2.3 Nutritional Risk Factors in Older Adults -- 2.4 Estimating Intake in Older Adults -- 2.5 Nutritional Status of Older Adults, Geriatric and Orthogeriatric Patients -- 2.6 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 3: Nutritional Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Geriatrics -- 3.1 The Nutrition Care Process -- 3.2 Nutritional Screening/Risk Detection -- 3.3 Nutritional Assessment and Diagnosis -- 3.3.1 Nutrition Impact Symptoms ---

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Part I: Nutritional Care in Geriatrics -- 1: Overview of Nutrition Care in Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics -- 1.1 Defining Malnutrition -- 1.2 Nutrition Care in Older Adults: A Complex and Necessary Challenge -- 1.3 Malnutrition: A Truly Wicked Problem -- 1.4 Building the Rationale for Integrated Nutrition Care -- 1.5 Managing the Wicked Nutrition Problems with a SIMPLE Approach (or Other Tailored Models) -- 1.5.1 Keep It SIMPLE When Appropriate -- 1.5.2 A SIMPLE Case Example -- 1.5.2.1 S-Screen for Malnutrition -- 1.5.2.2 I-Interdisciplinary Assessment -- 1.5.2.3 M-Make the Diagnosis (es) -- 1.5.2.4 P-Plan with the Older Adult -- 1.5.2.5 L-Implement Interventions -- 1.5.2.6 E-Evaluate Ongoing Care Requirements -- 1.6 Bringing It All Together: Integrated Nutrition Care Across the Four Pillars of (Ortho) Geriatric Care ---

12.5 Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Nutritional Care in Action -- 12.6 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading -- Part II: Special Topics in Geriatric Nutrition: Editorial: Specialised Versus Supportive Nutritional Care in Ageing: A Conundrum -- 1.1 Summary -- 13: Multidisciplinary Nutrition Care: Benefitting Patients with Malnutrition Across Healthcare Sectors -- 13.1 Malnutrition, Assessment, and Screening -- 13.2 Multidisciplinary Roles in Malnutrition Care -- 13.2.1 Dietitian Role -- 13.2.2 Physician Role -- 13.2.3 Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist -- 13.2.4 Other Health Professionals -- 13.2.5 The Nursing Role in Malnutrition -- 13.2.6 Management and Healthcare Leaders -- 13.3 Multidisciplinary Models of Malnutrition Care -- 13.4 Standards and Policy Promote Multidisciplinary Malnutrition Care -- 13.5 Examples of Multidisciplinary Malnutrition Care -- 13.6 Summary -- References ---

5.6 Preventing and/or Managing Nutrition Support Complications -- 5.6.1 Medications -- 5.6.2 Aspiration -- 5.6.3 Gastrointestinal Upset.

9: Bone Health, Fragility and Fractures -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Bone.

11: How to Sustain and Spread Nutritional Care Improvements -- 11.1 Getting Started -- 11.1.1 Definitions -- 11.2 Case Example: Improving Nutrition Care in Hospital -- 11.2.1 Initial Implementation and Considering Sustainability from the Beginning -- 11.2.2 Strategies for Sustainability and Spread -- 11.3 Tools for Sustainability and Spread -- 11.3.1 Sustainability Tools -- 11.4 Monitoring and Evaluation -- 11.5 Barriers and Facilitators -- 11.6 Considering Equity -- 11.7 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 12: Delivering Interprofessional Education to Embed Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Effective Nutritional Care -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Role of Interdisciplinary Teams -- 12.3 Nutrition Education and Interdisciplinary Team Collaboration -- 12.4 Approaches to Interprofessional Education for Nutritional Care -- 12.4.1 Curriculum -- 12.4.2 Delivery ---

3.3.4 Estimating Requirements -- 3.3.5 Nutritional Diagnosis -- 3.4 The Nutrition Plan and Care Required -- 3.4.1 Nursing Care Required for Nutritional Therapy -- 3.5 Action and Monitoring -- 3.6 Evaluation and Adjustment of Nutrition Plan -- 3.7 Discharge from Hospital or Handover to Another Caretaker -- 3.8 End of Nutritional Therapy -- 3.9 Ethical Considerations -- 3.10 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 4: Malnutrition Prevention -- 4.1 Malnutrition and Its Risk Factors -- 4.2 Impact of Malnutrition on Older Adults, Healthcare Systems and the Community -- 4.3 General Nutritional Care and Prevention of Malnutrition -- 4.4 The Role of Physical Activity and Training in Malnutrition Prevention -- 4.5 Opportunities for Nurses and Other Healthcare Providers to Prevent Malnutrition -- 4.6 Additionally, Good to Know ---

9.1.2 Normal Bone Metabolism -- 9.1.3 Peak Bone Mass (PBM) -- 9.2 Nutrients and Bone Health -- 9.2.1 Calcium -- 9.2.2 Vitamin D -- 9.2.3 Vitamin K -- 9.2.4 Protein -- 9.2.5 Other Nutrients -- 9.3 Other Factors Influencing Bone Health -- 9.4 Osteoporosis -- 9.4.1 Risk Factors for Osteoporosis -- 9.5 Fragility, Fractures and Falls -- 9.5.1 Frailty, Falls and Bone Health Assessment -- 9.5.1.1 Frailty Assessment -- 9.5.1.2 Falls Risk Assessment -- 9.5.1.3 Bone Health Assessment -- 9.6 Supporting Those with Frailty, Fragility, Fractures and Osteoporosis -- 9.6.1 Lifestyle Advice to Improve Bone Health -- 9.6.2 Supplementation and Medications -- 9.6.3 Education, Training and Sociopolitical Action -- 9.6.3.1 Coordinated Care Opportunities to Optimise Bone Health, Fragility and Fractures in Older Adults -- Example 1: Orthogeriatric Services -- Care Example 2: Fracture Liaison Services -- Example 3: Fracture Liaison Nurses -- Example 4: Audit and Feedback -- 9.6.3.2 End-of-Life Care -- 9.7 Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- 10: Increasing Patient Motivation and Adherence to Nutritional Care: The Importance to Overcome Psychological Barriers -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The Relationship Between Older Adults and Food as a First Step Toward Overcoming Psychological Barriers -- 10.2.1 Age: Younger and Older Adults -- 10.2.2 Biological Sex: Older Male and Female -- 10.2.3 Personal Health -- 10.2.3.1 Physical Health -- 10.2.3.2 Mental Health -- 10.2.4 Lifestyle Choices -- 10.2.5 Social Environment and Conditioning -- 10.3 The Older Adult Perspective and the Quality of Nutritional Care -- 10.3.1 The Role of Caregivers and Community -- 10.4 The Effectiveness of Multidisciplinary Nutritional Care to Increase Patient Motivation -- 10.5 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading.

12.5 Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Nutritional Care in Action -- 12.6 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading -- Part II: Special Topics in Geriatric Nutrition: Editorial: Specialised Versus Supportive Nutritional Care in Ageing: A Conundrum -- 1.1 Summary -- 13: Multidisciplinary Nutrition Care: Benefitting Patients with Malnutrition Across Healthcare Sectors -- 13.1 Malnutrition, Assessment, and Screening -- 13.2 Multidisciplinary Roles in Malnutrition Care -- 13.2.1 Dietitian Role -- 13.2.2 Physician Role -- 13.2.3 Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist -- 13.2.4 Other Health Professionals -- 13.2.5 The Nursing Role in Malnutrition -- 13.2.6 Management and Healthcare Leaders -- 13.3 Multidisciplinary Models of Malnutrition Care -- 13.4 Standards and Policy Promote Multidisciplinary Malnutrition Care -- 13.5 Examples of Multidisciplinary Malnutrition Care -- 13.6 Summary -- References ---

4.7 Limits of Preventing Malnutrition -- 4.8 Implementation of Malnutrition Interventions -- References -- Recommended Reading -- Training Courses (Selection) -- 5: Nutrition Support in Older Adults -- 5.1 Nutrition Support in Older Adults: A Hard Edge Best Balanced by Shared Decision-Making, Informed Consent, and Ethical Insight -- 5.2 Applying a Systematic Approach to Nutrition Support in Older Adults -- 5.3 Protein- and Energy-Dense and/or Fortified Foods, Fluids, and Menus -- 5.4 Oral Nutrition Supplements -- 5.5 Artificial Tube Feeding -- 5.5.1 Enteral Nutrition -- 5.5.1.1 Feeding Tube Types -- 5.5.1.2 Tube Placement -- 5.5.1.3 Tube Considerations and Care Requirements -- 5.5.1.4 Checking Placement -- 5.5.1.5 Flushing Tubes -- 5.5.1.6 Feeding Regimens and Modality -- 5.5.1.7 Formula Handling and Management -- 5.5.2 Parenteral Nutrition (PN) ---

7.3.1.2 Assessing Volume Depletion -- 7.3.2 Prevention and Treatment of Dehydration -- 7.3.2.1 Low-Intake Dehydration -- 7.3.2.2 Volume Depletion -- 7.3.3 Fluid Overload -- 7.3.4 Electrolyte Imbalances -- 7.4 Hospitalisation After Fall -- 7.4.1 Arriving at the Emergency Department -- 7.4.2 Preoperation Nursing at the Ward -- 7.4.3 Post-operation Nursing at the Ward -- 7.4.4 Best Practice at the Ward -- 7.5 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 8: Untangling Malnutrition, Physical Dysfunction, Sarcopenia, Frailty and Cachexia in Ageing -- 8.1 Preface -- 8.2 Definitions, Diagnosis, Prevalence and Relevance -- 8.2.1 Malnutrition -- 8.2.2 Low Muscle Mass, Physical Dysfunction and Sarcopenia -- 8.2.3 Frailty -- 8.2.4 Cachexia -- 8.3 Nutritional Treatment and Management Approaches -- 8.4 Key Levels to Implement Change -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Recommended Videos ---

9: Bone Health, Fragility and Fractures -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Bone.

Recommended Reading.

11: How to Sustain and Spread Nutritional Care Improvements -- 11.1 Getting Started -- 11.1.1 Definitions -- 11.2 Case Example: Improving Nutrition Care in Hospital -- 11.2.1 Initial Implementation and Considering Sustainability from the Beginning -- 11.2.2 Strategies for Sustainability and Spread -- 11.3 Tools for Sustainability and Spread -- 11.3.1 Sustainability Tools -- 11.4 Monitoring and Evaluation -- 11.5 Barriers and Facilitators -- 11.6 Considering Equity -- 11.7 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 12: Delivering Interprofessional Education to Embed Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Effective Nutritional Care -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Role of Interdisciplinary Teams -- 12.3 Nutrition Education and Interdisciplinary Team Collaboration -- 12.4 Approaches to Interprofessional Education for Nutritional Care -- 12.4.1 Curriculum -- 12.4.2 Delivery ---

14: Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Rehabilitation.

3.3.4 Estimating Requirements -- 3.3.5 Nutritional Diagnosis -- 3.4 The Nutrition Plan and Care Required -- 3.4.1 Nursing Care Required for Nutritional Therapy -- 3.5 Action and Monitoring -- 3.6 Evaluation and Adjustment of Nutrition Plan -- 3.7 Discharge from Hospital or Handover to Another Caretaker -- 3.8 End of Nutritional Therapy -- 3.9 Ethical Considerations -- 3.10 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 4: Malnutrition Prevention -- 4.1 Malnutrition and Its Risk Factors -- 4.2 Impact of Malnutrition on Older Adults, Healthcare Systems and the Community -- 4.3 General Nutritional Care and Prevention of Malnutrition -- 4.4 The Role of Physical Activity and Training in Malnutrition Prevention -- 4.5 Opportunities for Nurses and Other Healthcare Providers to Prevent Malnutrition -- 4.6 Additionally, Good to Know ---

5.6.4 Delayed Gastric Emptying or Gastroparesis -- 5.6.5 Hyperglycemia -- 5.6.6 Refeeding Syndrome -- 5.7 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 6: Supporting Nutrition Care in Older Adults: An Essential Component of ’Best Practice’ Nursing -- 6.1 What Is ’Best Practice’ Nursing Nutrition Care? -- 6.2 Leading Supportive Nutrition Care for Older Adults with or at Risk of Malnutrition: An Example of Best Practice in Nursing Care -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 7: Preventing and Managing Hydration and Dehydration in Older People -- 7.1 Geriatric Orthopaedic Patients -- 7.2 Hydration in Geriatrics -- 7.2.1 Recommendations for Older Adults -- 7.2.2 Age-Related Changes Associated with Hydration -- 7.3 Dehydration and Other Hydration Disturbances -- 7.3.1 Screening and Assessment of Dehydration -- 7.3.1.1 Assessing Low-Intake Dehydration ---

9.1.2 Normal Bone Metabolism -- 9.1.3 Peak Bone Mass (PBM) -- 9.2 Nutrients and Bone Health -- 9.2.1 Calcium -- 9.2.2 Vitamin D -- 9.2.3 Vitamin K -- 9.2.4 Protein -- 9.2.5 Other Nutrients -- 9.3 Other Factors Influencing Bone Health -- 9.4 Osteoporosis -- 9.4.1 Risk Factors for Osteoporosis -- 9.5 Fragility, Fractures and Falls -- 9.5.1 Frailty, Falls and Bone Health Assessment -- 9.5.1.1 Frailty Assessment -- 9.5.1.2 Falls Risk Assessment -- 9.5.1.3 Bone Health Assessment -- 9.6 Supporting Those with Frailty, Fragility, Fractures and Osteoporosis -- 9.6.1 Lifestyle Advice to Improve Bone Health -- 9.6.2 Supplementation and Medications -- 9.6.3 Education, Training and Sociopolitical Action -- 9.6.3.1 Coordinated Care Opportunities to Optimise Bone Health, Fragility and Fractures in Older Adults -- Example 1: Orthogeriatric Services -- Care Example 2: Fracture Liaison Services -- Example 3: Fracture Liaison Nurses -- Example 4: Audit and Feedback -- 9.6.3.2 End-of-Life Care -- 9.7 Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- 10: Increasing Patient Motivation and Adherence to Nutritional Care: The Importance to Overcome Psychological Barriers -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The Relationship Between Older Adults and Food as a First Step Toward Overcoming Psychological Barriers -- 10.2.1 Age: Younger and Older Adults -- 10.2.2 Biological Sex: Older Male and Female -- 10.2.3 Personal Health -- 10.2.3.1 Physical Health -- 10.2.3.2 Mental Health -- 10.2.4 Lifestyle Choices -- 10.2.5 Social Environment and Conditioning -- 10.3 The Older Adult Perspective and the Quality of Nutritional Care -- 10.3.1 The Role of Caregivers and Community -- 10.4 The Effectiveness of Multidisciplinary Nutritional Care to Increase Patient Motivation -- 10.5 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading.

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