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EB

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Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2022

1 online resource (188 pages)

ISBN 9783030981754 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9783030981747

Print version: Luby, Stephen The Pathway to Publishing: a Guide to Quantitative Writing in the Health Sciences Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 ISBN 9783030981747

2.2.2 Plagiarism -- 2.3 Weak Citations -- 2.3.1 Citing a Secondary Source -- 2.3.2 Presenting Conclusions Rather Than Data from References -- 2.3.3 Arguing from Authority -- 2.4 References Not in Standard Style -- 2.4.1 Varying Citation Format -- 2.4.2 Not Proofreading References Prior to Submission -- 2.5 Not Using Standard Draft Manuscript Form -- 2.6 Repeating Information -- 2.7 Labeling a Scientific Document as "Final" -- 2.8 Characterizing an Observation as "The First" -- 2.9 Errors in Reasoning -- 2.9.1 Casual Assertion of Causality -- 2.9.2 Assuming Association Is Causality -- 2.9.3 Assuming Reported Behavior Reflects Actual Behavior -- 2.9.4 Confusing Imperfect Recall with Recall Bias -- 2.9.5 Confusing Absence of Recognition with Absence -- 2.9.6 Asserting Seasonality with a Single Year of Data -- 2.9.7 Drawing Conclusions Using Confirmation Bias ---

2.10 Constructing a Multivariate Model Using Only Statistical Criteria -- Chapter 3: Content of Quantitative Papers.

2.2.2 Plagiarism -- 2.3 Weak Citations -- 2.3.1 Citing a Secondary Source -- 2.3.2 Presenting Conclusions Rather Than Data from References -- 2.3.3 Arguing from Authority -- 2.4 References Not in Standard Style -- 2.4.1 Varying Citation Format -- 2.4.2 Not Proofreading References Prior to Submission -- 2.5 Not Using Standard Draft Manuscript Form -- 2.6 Repeating Information -- 2.7 Labeling a Scientific Document as "Final" -- 2.8 Characterizing an Observation as "The First" -- 2.9 Errors in Reasoning -- 2.9.1 Casual Assertion of Causality -- 2.9.2 Assuming Association Is Causality -- 2.9.3 Assuming Reported Behavior Reflects Actual Behavior -- 2.9.4 Confusing Imperfect Recall with Recall Bias -- 2.9.5 Confusing Absence of Recognition with Absence -- 2.9.6 Asserting Seasonality with a Single Year of Data -- 2.9.7 Drawing Conclusions Using Confirmation Bias ---

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Pathway to Publishing -- 1.2 Think-Before-You-Write Approach -- 1.2.1 Develop a Framing Document -- 1.2.2 Focus on the High-Level Outline -- 1.2.3 Use the "Most Common Errors" -- 1.2.4 Understand Authorship and Mentoring Responsibilities -- 1.2.5 Structure the Writing and Feedback Process -- 1.2.6 Responding to Co-author Comments -- 1.2.7 Summary of the Think-Before-You-Write Process -- 1.3 The Writing and Publishing Process -- 1.3.1 Converting Preliminary Work into a Manuscript -- 1.3.2 The Peer Review Process -- 1.4 The Scientific Writing Style -- Part II: Most Common Errors -- Chapter 2: General Research and Writing Practices -- 2.1 Insufficient Knowledge of the Literature -- 2.2 Insufficient Citations -- 2.2.1 Not Providing a Reference to Support an Observation ---

3.14 A High-Level Outline That Is Not High Level -- 3.15 Specifying Software Used for Routine Data Analysis -- 3.16 Presenting Rationale in the Last Sentence of the Introduction -- Chapter 4: Mechanics of Writing -- 4.1 Using Nonstandard Acronyms -- 4.2 Using Nonstandard Spaces -- 4.3 Improper Spelling -- 4.4 Capitalization Problems -- 4.4.1 Using All Capital Letters -- 4.4.2 Capitalizing Non-proper Nouns -- 4.5 Failure to Spell Out an Isolated Numeral < -- 10 -- 4.6 Starting a Sentence with a Numeral -- 4.7 Not Indenting Paragraphs -- 4.8 Not Aligning Text to the Left -- 4.9 Problems with Parentheses -- 4.10 Not Recognizing When an Abbreviation Has Become a Name -- 4.11 Misplaced Commas in Large Numbers -- 4.12 Varying Fonts Within the Narrative -- 4.13 Using Bulleted Lists Rather Than Sentences -- 4.14 Uninformative Document Names ---

6.19 Describing a Test as a Gold Standard -- Chapter 7: Recording Scientific Data -- 7.1 Using Statistics in Place of the Study Question to Frame Results -- 7.1.1 Framing Narrative Results Around P-Values -- 7.2 Not Presenting the Core Data.

8.14 Sending Blank Forms for Co-authors to Complete -- 8.15 Not Providing Co-authors a Copy of the Submitted Manuscript.

3.1 Improper Focus or Format of Title and Abstract -- 3.2 Confusing the Role of Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion -- 3.3 Not Writing the Methods Section in Chronological Order -- 3.4 Not Emphasizing Steps Taken to Protect Human Subjects -- 3.5 Listing Interpretations, But Not Defending One in the Discussion -- 3.6 Not Fully Explaining Limitations -- 3.7 Writing Generic Recommendations -- 3.8 Presenting New Data in the Discussion -- 3.9 Reporting the Number of Enrolled Subjects in the Methods -- 3.10 Specifying the Contents of a Questionnaire -- 3.11 Naive Theories of Change -- 3.11.1 Recommending a Massive Increase in Funding -- 3.11.2 Ignoring Incentives and Barriers -- 3.11.3 Assuming Weak States Can Implement -- 3.12 An Insufficiently Focused Introduction -- 3.13 Failure to Clarify Key Sample Size Assumptions ---

7.3 Using Too Many Decimal Places -- 7.4 Using Too Few Decimal Places -- 7.5 Using Incomplete Headings for Tables and Figures -- 7.6 Imbalance Between Table and Narrative Presentation of Results -- 7.6.1 Too Little Narrative Explaining the Tables -- 7.6.2 Too Much Narrative Explaining the Tables -- 7.6.3 Presenting Results in Narrative that Would Be Clearer in a Table -- 7.7 Pointing Too Explicitly to Tables and Figures -- 7.8 Using Inappropriate Figures -- 7.9 Generic Data Tables That Lack a Clear Message -- 7.10 Table Layout That Impairs Comparisons -- 7.11 Using Less Informative Denominators in a Table -- 7.12 Comparing to a Varying Baseline -- 7.13 P-Value in a Baseline Table of a Randomized Controlled Trial -- 7.14 Using Nonstandard Footnote Symbols in Tables -- 7.15 Using the Wrong Symbol to Designate Degree ---

3.14 A High-Level Outline That Is Not High Level -- 3.15 Specifying Software Used for Routine Data Analysis -- 3.16 Presenting Rationale in the Last Sentence of the Introduction -- Chapter 4: Mechanics of Writing -- 4.1 Using Nonstandard Acronyms -- 4.2 Using Nonstandard Spaces -- 4.3 Improper Spelling -- 4.4 Capitalization Problems -- 4.4.1 Using All Capital Letters -- 4.4.2 Capitalizing Non-proper Nouns -- 4.5 Failure to Spell Out an Isolated Numeral < -- 10 -- 4.6 Starting a Sentence with a Numeral -- 4.7 Not Indenting Paragraphs -- 4.8 Not Aligning Text to the Left -- 4.9 Problems with Parentheses -- 4.10 Not Recognizing When an Abbreviation Has Become a Name -- 4.11 Misplaced Commas in Large Numbers -- 4.12 Varying Fonts Within the Narrative -- 4.13 Using Bulleted Lists Rather Than Sentences -- 4.14 Uninformative Document Names ---

6.11 Using the Term "Socioeconomic Status" as a Synonym for Wealth -- 6.12 Using a Technical Term in Its Nontechnical Sense -- 6.12.1 Using the Term "Random" in Its Nontechnical Sense -- 6.12.2 Using the Term "Reliable" in Its Nontechnical Sense -- 6.12.3 Using the Term "Significant" in Its Nontechnical Sense -- 6.12.4 Using the Term "Valid" in Its Nontechnical Sense -- 6.12.5 Using the Term "Incidence" Incorrectly -- 6.12.6 Using the Term "Correlated" Incorrectly -- 6.13 Using the Term "Documented" -- 6.14 Framing an Argument in Terms of Need -- 6.15 Using the Term "Illiterate" as a Synonym for "No Formal Education" -- 6.16 Using the Word "Challenging" as a Synonym for "Difficult" -- 6.17 Describing a Laboratory Test Result as Positive -- 6.18 Using Increase or Decrease in the Absence of a Time Trend ---

6.19 Describing a Test as a Gold Standard -- Chapter 7: Recording Scientific Data -- 7.1 Using Statistics in Place of the Study Question to Frame Results -- 7.1.1 Framing Narrative Results Around P-Values -- 7.2 Not Presenting the Core Data.

7.16 Numbering Figures or Tables out of Sequence -- 7.17 Maps with Irrelevant Details -- Chapter 8: Approaching Publication -- 8.1 Failure to Respond to Reviewers’ Comments -- 8.2 Incomplete Response to External Reviews -- 8.2.1 Not Including Text of the Manuscript Changes in Response to External Reviewers -- 8.3 Invalid Authorship Line -- 8.4 Retaining Comments in Subsequent Drafts -- 8.5 Choosing an Inappropriate Journal -- 8.6 Not Following a Specific Journal’s Details of Style -- 8.7 Not Using an Appropriate Reporting Guideline -- 8.8 Exceeding the Journal Word Limit -- 8.9 Asking Your Senior Author to Recommend Reviewers -- 8.10 Responding to Journal Reviewers Using the First Person Singular -- 8.11 Missing Acknowledgment Section -- 8.12 Reusing an Email Thread when Circulating a Revised Manuscript -- 8.13 Requesting an Unprofessionally Short Turnaround Time ---

8.14 Sending Blank Forms for Co-authors to Complete -- 8.15 Not Providing Co-authors a Copy of the Submitted Manuscript.

Chapter 5: Grammatical Structures and Stylistic Strategies -- 5.1 Using Present Rather Than Past Tense -- 5.2 Failure to Use Definite and Indefinite Articles.

3.1 Improper Focus or Format of Title and Abstract -- 3.2 Confusing the Role of Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion -- 3.3 Not Writing the Methods Section in Chronological Order -- 3.4 Not Emphasizing Steps Taken to Protect Human Subjects -- 3.5 Listing Interpretations, But Not Defending One in the Discussion -- 3.6 Not Fully Explaining Limitations -- 3.7 Writing Generic Recommendations -- 3.8 Presenting New Data in the Discussion -- 3.9 Reporting the Number of Enrolled Subjects in the Methods -- 3.10 Specifying the Contents of a Questionnaire -- 3.11 Naive Theories of Change -- 3.11.1 Recommending a Massive Increase in Funding -- 3.11.2 Ignoring Incentives and Barriers -- 3.11.3 Assuming Weak States Can Implement -- 3.12 An Insufficiently Focused Introduction -- 3.13 Failure to Clarify Key Sample Size Assumptions ---

5.3 Excessive Use of Passive Voice -- 5.4 Improper Use of "We" -- 5.5 Writing from a Psychological Perspective -- 5.6 Using Excessive Subheadings in the Discussion -- 5.7 Misplaced Modifiers -- 5.8 Using Nouns with Awkward Syntax in Place of Verbs -- 5.9 Using Different Terms for the Same Object or the Same Idea -- Chapter 6: Achieving Clarity and Conciseness -- 6.1 Labeling Rather Than Explaining -- 6.2 Using Weak Opening Phrases for Sentences -- 6.3 Using Adjectives and Qualifiers -- 6.4 Overusing Studies or Authors as Sentence Subjects -- 6.5 Using Nondescriptive Numeric or Alphabetical Labels -- 6.6 Using Respectively -- 6.7 Using the Word Etcetera -- 6.8 Using a Non-English Word as an English Word -- 6.9 Describing Costs Only in Local Currency -- 6.10 Using the Term "Developing Country" ---

7.3 Using Too Many Decimal Places -- 7.4 Using Too Few Decimal Places -- 7.5 Using Incomplete Headings for Tables and Figures -- 7.6 Imbalance Between Table and Narrative Presentation of Results -- 7.6.1 Too Little Narrative Explaining the Tables -- 7.6.2 Too Much Narrative Explaining the Tables -- 7.6.3 Presenting Results in Narrative that Would Be Clearer in a Table -- 7.7 Pointing Too Explicitly to Tables and Figures -- 7.8 Using Inappropriate Figures -- 7.9 Generic Data Tables That Lack a Clear Message -- 7.10 Table Layout That Impairs Comparisons -- 7.11 Using Less Informative Denominators in a Table -- 7.12 Comparing to a Varying Baseline -- 7.13 P-Value in a Baseline Table of a Randomized Controlled Trial -- 7.14 Using Nonstandard Footnote Symbols in Tables -- 7.15 Using the Wrong Symbol to Designate Degree ---

8.16 Not Keeping Co-authors Informed of Discussion with Journal Editors -- 8.17 Emailing Draft Manuscripts with Figures That Are Not Compressed -- 8.18 Not Including Readability Statistics -- Chapter 9: Slide and Poster Presentations -- 9.1 Bullets on the Wall -- 9.2 Using Sentences for Bullet Points -- 9.3 Too Much Space Between Bullets -- 9.4 Using Bullets Without Hanging Indents -- 9.5 Chart Junk -- 9.6 Using Three-Dimensional Chart Features as Decorations -- 9.7 Using a Pie Chart -- 9.8 Using Vertical Bars When Horizontal Bars Would Communicate Better -- 9.9 Copying a Manuscript Figure Instead of Developing a Custom Figure -- 9.10 Photos with an Unnatural Aspect Ratio -- 9.11 Too Many Photographs on a Single Slide -- 9.12 Fieldworkers as the Dominant Subject of Photographs -- 9.13 Including a Final "Thank You" Slide -- 9.14 Failure to Separate Ideas in a Multilined Title -- Appendix 1 Concept Note Outline -- Appendix 2 Concept Note Example -- Temporal Variability of Chlorine Demand in Dhaka, Bangladesh -- Study Question -- Objectives -- Rationale -- Outcomes and Exposures -- Study Design -- Analysis -- Study Sample -- Data Collection -- Human Subjects -- Collaboration -- Timeline and Budget -- Limitations -- Timeline -- Budget -- Appendix 3 Critical Questions for Protocol Development -- Appendix 4 Framing Document -- Appendix 5 Flowchart for Review of Scientific Documents -- Appendix 6 High-Level Outline -- Appendix 7 Example of Quantitative Manuscript HLO -- Title: Difficulties in Maintaining Improved Handwashing Behavior, Karachi, Pakistan [17] -- Appendix 8 Authorship Scorecard -- Appendix 9 Conference/Scientific Meeting Abstracts -- Appendix 10 JANE (Journal/Author Name Estimator) -- Appendix 11 List of Common Errors -- References.

001897147

express

(Au-PeEL)EBL7002520

(MiAaPQ)EBC7002520

(OCoLC)1328137641