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EB

ONLINE

Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer Health, 2020

1 online resource (927 pages)

ISBN 9781975146542 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9781975146511

Print version: Shein, David Clinical Medicine for Optometrists Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer Health,c2020 ISBN 9781975146511

Intro -- Title page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Contents -- CHAPTER 1:  Evidence-­­­Based Medicine and the Medical Literature -- Section 1: The Analysis of Medical Literature -- Part 1 -- Study Design -- Study Hypothesis -- Significance -- Size of the Effect -- Relevance to Clinical Practice -- Part 2: Clinical Examples -- Randomized Controlled Trials -- Cohort Studies -- Meta-­­­Analysis -- Records Review -- Section 2: Principles of Laboratory Investigation -- Reporting of Laboratory Values: Sensitivity and Specificity -- Influential Factors on Laboratory Test Results -- The Concepts of Primary and Secondary Prevention -- CHAPTER 2:  Hypertension -- Section 1: Hypertension -- Epidemiology -- Hypertension Pathophysiology -- Definitions of Hypertension -- Diagnosis of Hypertension -- Essential and Secondary Hypertension -- Hypertensive Urgency and Emergency -- Clinical Impacts of Hypertension -- Hypertension Management -- Prehypertension -- Hypertension: Blood Pressure Treatment Goal -- Barriers to Hypertension Treatment -- Approach to Hypertension Treatment -- Hypertension in the Modern Era of Cardiovascular Medicine -- Section 2: Cardiovascular Drug Therapy -- Angiotensin Agents -- Clinical Effects and Indications -- Adverse Effects -- Monitoring on Therapy -- Beta-­­­Blockers -- Clinical Effects and Indications -- Adverse Effects -- Monitoring on Therapy -- Alpha-­­­Blockers -- Clinical Effects and Indications -- Adverse Effects -- Monitoring on Therapy -- Calcium Channel Blockers -- Clinical Effects and Indications -- Adverse Effects -- Monitoring on Therapy -- Diuretics -- Clinical Effects and Indications -- Adverse Effects -- Monitoring on Therapy -- CHAPTER 3:  Lipid Disorders, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Cardiac Testing -- Section 1: Cardiac Testing.

Cancer Screening -- Cancer Risk Factors -- Cancer Staging -- Cancer Treatment -- Surgery -- Radiation -- Radiation Toxicity -- Chemotherapy -- Chemotherapy Toxicity -- Targeted Therapy -- Hormone Therapy -- Immunotherapy -- Prostate Cancer -- Breast Cancer -- Colorectal Cancer -- Cervical Cancer -- Lung Cancer -- Wilms Tumor -- Ocular Manifestations in Systemic Cancer -- Cancer Metastasis to the Globe, Orbit, and Efferent Visual Pathway -- Paraneoplastic Disease of the Globe and Efferent Visual Pathway -- Talking About Cancer -- CHAPTER 9:  Infectious Diseases -- Section 1 -- Clinical Syndromes -- Pneumonia and Pneumonitis -- Pathogens in Pneumonia -- Opportunistic Pneumonia -- Atypical Pneumonia -- Sinusitis -- Cellulitis -- Orbital Cellulitis -- Preseptal Cellulitis -- Meningitis and Encephalitis -- Hepatitis -- Sepsis -- Section 2 -- Pathogens -- Tuberculosis -- Herpesvirus -- Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 -- Varicella-­zoster virus -- Cytomegalovirus -- Human herpesvirus 8 -- Other Pathogens -- Molluscum contagiosum -- Toxoplasmosis -- Candidiasis -- Cat scratch disease -- Rubella -- Spirochetal Diseases -- Lyme disease -- Syphilis -- CHAPTER 10:  HIV Infection -- Section 1: Epidemiology and Diagnosis -- Definitions and History -- Modes of Transmission, Risk Behaviors, and Statistics -- Diagnostic Testing -- Section 2: Symptoms and Stages of HIV Infection -- The Relationship Between HIV Viral Load and CD4 Counts -- Acute HIV Infection -- Chronic HIV Infection -- Section 3: AIDS -- Endogenous and Exogenous Organisms: From Normal Flora to Pathogens -- How Diseases Behave in HIV-­­­Positive Persons -- CD4 Count and Associated Diseases, Prevention, and Treatments -- AIDS-­­­Associated Infections -- HIV-­­­Related Malignancies -- Section 4: HIV-­­­Associated Diseases -- HIV-­­­Related Diseases Affecting the Eye and Vision.

Section 5: Vaccinations, Screening, and Primary Care of the HIV-­­­Infected Patient -- Section 6: Treatment and Prevention of HIV -- Antiretroviral Therapy -- Adherence and Resistance -- Timing of ART and Potential Complications: IRIS -- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome -- PEP and PREP -- HIV Vaccines and Cure Strategies -- CHAPTER 11:  Rheumatology -- Assessment of Rheumatologic Disease and Common Rheumatologic Tests -- Rheumatologic Diseases and Their Ocular Manifestations -- Giant Cell Arteritis -- Signs and Symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis -- Ocular Giant Cell Arteritis -- Giant Cell Arteritis Diagnosis -- Giant Cell Arteritis Treatment -- Polymyalgia Rheumatica -- Signs and Symptoms of Polymyalgia Rheumatica -- Polymyalgia Rheumatica Diagnosis -- Polymyalgia Rheumatica Treatment -- Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Signs and Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Ocular Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis -- Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment -- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- Signs and Symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- Ocular Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosis -- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment -- Sjogren Syndrome -- Signs and Symptoms of Sjogren Syndrome -- Ocular Sjogren Syndrome -- Sjogren Syndrome Diagnosis -- Sjogren Syndrome Treatment -- Sarcoidosis -- Signs and Symptoms of Sarcoidosis -- Ocular Sarcoidosis -- Sarcoidosis Diagnosis -- Sarcoidosis Treatment -- Spondyloarthropathies -- Signs and Symptoms of Spondyloarthritis -- Ocular Spondyloarthritis -- Spondyloarthritis Diagnosis -- Spondyloarthritis Treatment -- Osteoarthritis -- Signs and Symptoms of Osteoarthritis -- Osteoarthritis Diagnosis -- Osteoarthritis Treatment -- Systemic Sclerosis -- Limited Systemic Sclerosis: Signs and Symptoms -- Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis: Signs and Symptoms -- Systemic Sclerosis Diagnosis.

Systolic and Diastolic Function -- Introduction to the Electrocardiogram -- ECG Abnormalities -- Conduction Blocks and Delays -- Arrhythmias -- Hypertrophy -- Ischemia and Infarction -- Cardiac Testing -- The Cardiac Physical Exam -- Section 2: Lipid Disorders -- Cholesterol Homeostasis and Measurement -- Diagnosis of Dyslipidemias -- Ocular Manifestations of Dyslipidemia -- Treatment of Dyslipidemias -- Comorbid Risk Factors -- Drug Therapy for Dyslipidemia -- Aspirin Therapy -- Atherosclerosis -- Risk Factor Assessment for Arteriosclerosis -- Clinical Manifestations of Atherosclerosis -- Coronary Artery Disease -- Cerebrovascular Disease -- Carotid Artery Disease -- Retinal Artery Occlusion -- Peripheral Vascular Disease -- Overview of Risk Determination and Prevention -- CHAPTER 4:  Intrinsic Cardiovascular Disorders -- Section 1: Cardiac Valvular Disease -- Aortic Valve Stenosis -- Aortic Valve Insufficiency -- Mitral Valve Stenosis -- Mitral Valve Insufficiency -- Marfan Syndrome -- Section 2: Cardiac Complications of Infectious Diseases -- Rheumatic Fever -- Infectious Endocarditis -- Section 3: Cardiomyopathy and Congestive Heart Failure -- Cardiomyopathy -- Congestive Heart Failure -- Cardiac Physiology -- Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction -- Left and Right Heart Failure -- Treatments for Heart Failure -- RAAS Inhibition -- Diuretics -- Beta Blockers -- Fluid Optimization -- Section 4: Cardiac Arrhythmia and Embolic Stroke -- Atrial and Ventricular Fibrillation -- CHAPTER 5:  Diabetes Mellitus -- Diabetes Classification -- Epidemiology of Diabetes -- Pathophysiology: Hormones and Glucose Homeostasis -- Insulin Deficiency and Ketone Production -- Insulin Resistance -- Hypoglycemia -- Diagnosis and Medical Testing in Diabetes -- Common Tests in Diabetes -- Clinical Presentation of Diabetes -- Type 1 Diabetes -- Type 2 Diabetes.

Cancer Screening -- Cancer Risk Factors -- Cancer Staging -- Cancer Treatment -- Surgery -- Radiation -- Radiation Toxicity -- Chemotherapy -- Chemotherapy Toxicity -- Targeted Therapy -- Hormone Therapy -- Immunotherapy -- Prostate Cancer -- Breast Cancer -- Colorectal Cancer -- Cervical Cancer -- Lung Cancer -- Wilms Tumor -- Ocular Manifestations in Systemic Cancer -- Cancer Metastasis to the Globe, Orbit, and Efferent Visual Pathway -- Paraneoplastic Disease of the Globe and Efferent Visual Pathway -- Talking About Cancer -- CHAPTER 9:  Infectious Diseases -- Section 1 -- Clinical Syndromes -- Pneumonia and Pneumonitis -- Pathogens in Pneumonia -- Opportunistic Pneumonia -- Atypical Pneumonia -- Sinusitis -- Cellulitis -- Orbital Cellulitis -- Preseptal Cellulitis -- Meningitis and Encephalitis -- Hepatitis -- Sepsis -- Section 2 -- Pathogens -- Tuberculosis -- Herpesvirus -- Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 -- Varicella-­zoster virus -- Cytomegalovirus -- Human herpesvirus 8 -- Other Pathogens -- Molluscum contagiosum -- Toxoplasmosis -- Candidiasis -- Cat scratch disease -- Rubella -- Spirochetal Diseases -- Lyme disease -- Syphilis -- CHAPTER 10:  HIV Infection -- Section 1: Epidemiology and Diagnosis -- Definitions and History -- Modes of Transmission, Risk Behaviors, and Statistics -- Diagnostic Testing -- Section 2: Symptoms and Stages of HIV Infection -- The Relationship Between HIV Viral Load and CD4 Counts -- Acute HIV Infection -- Chronic HIV Infection -- Section 3: AIDS -- Endogenous and Exogenous Organisms: From Normal Flora to Pathogens -- How Diseases Behave in HIV-­­­Positive Persons -- CD4 Count and Associated Diseases, Prevention, and Treatments -- AIDS-­­­Associated Infections -- HIV-­­­Related Malignancies -- Section 4: HIV-­­­Associated Diseases -- HIV-­­­Related Diseases Affecting the Eye and Vision.

Gestational Diabetes -- Complications of Diabetes -- Microvascular Disease -- Diabetic Retinopathy -- Diabetic Cataract -- Nephropathy -- Neuropathy -- Macrovascular Disease -- Dermatological and Infectious Disease -- Treatment of Diabetes -- CHAPTER 6:  Endocrinology -- Section 1: Pituitary -- Growth Hormone -- Prolactin -- Gonadotropins -- Antidiuretic Hormone -- Section 2: Adrenal -- Adrenal Cortex -- Adrenal Insufficiency -- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia -- Adrenal Medulla -- Section 3: Thyroid -- Hypothyroidism -- Hyperthyroidism -- Thyroid Eye Disease -- Thyroid Cancer -- Section 4: Calcium and Osteoporosis -- Hyper-­­­ and Hypocalcemia -- Osteoporosis -- CHAPTER 7:  Gastroenterology -- Basics of GI Imaging And Therapy -- Testing in Gastroenterology -- Acid-­­­Suppressing Therapy -- Gastrointestinal Illness -- Peptic Ulcer Disease -- Description and Pathogenesis -- Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulcer Disease -- Nonsteroidal Anti-­­­Inflammatory Drugs and Peptic Ulcer Disease -- Clinical Manifestations -- Diagnosis -- Prognosis and Treatment -- Inflammatory Bowel Disease -- Description and Pathogenesis -- Clinical Manifestations -- Extraintestinal Manifestations -- Diagnosis -- Prognosis and Treatment -- Celiac Disease and Gluten Intolerance -- Description and Pathogenesis -- Clinical Manifestations -- Diagnosis -- Prognosis and Treatment -- Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity -- Functional Bowel Disease -- Description and Pathogenesis -- Clinical Manifestations -- Diagnosis -- Prognosis and Treatment -- CHAPTER 8:  Hematology and Oncology -- Section 1: Hematology -- Red Blood Cells -- White Blood Cells -- Platelets -- Lab Testing in Hematology -- Diseases of Formed Elements of the Blood -- Disorders of Red Blood Cells -- Erythroid Aplasia -- White Blood Cells -- Platelets -- Clotting Pathways -- Section 2: Oncology -- Cancer Epidemiology.

Section 5: Vaccinations, Screening, and Primary Care of the HIV-­­­Infected Patient -- Section 6: Treatment and Prevention of HIV -- Antiretroviral Therapy -- Adherence and Resistance -- Timing of ART and Potential Complications: IRIS -- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome -- PEP and PREP -- HIV Vaccines and Cure Strategies -- CHAPTER 11:  Rheumatology -- Assessment of Rheumatologic Disease and Common Rheumatologic Tests -- Rheumatologic Diseases and Their Ocular Manifestations -- Giant Cell Arteritis -- Signs and Symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis -- Ocular Giant Cell Arteritis -- Giant Cell Arteritis Diagnosis -- Giant Cell Arteritis Treatment -- Polymyalgia Rheumatica -- Signs and Symptoms of Polymyalgia Rheumatica -- Polymyalgia Rheumatica Diagnosis -- Polymyalgia Rheumatica Treatment -- Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Signs and Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Ocular Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis -- Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment -- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- Signs and Symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- Ocular Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosis -- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment -- Sjogren Syndrome -- Signs and Symptoms of Sjogren Syndrome -- Ocular Sjogren Syndrome -- Sjogren Syndrome Diagnosis -- Sjogren Syndrome Treatment -- Sarcoidosis -- Signs and Symptoms of Sarcoidosis -- Ocular Sarcoidosis -- Sarcoidosis Diagnosis -- Sarcoidosis Treatment -- Spondyloarthropathies -- Signs and Symptoms of Spondyloarthritis -- Ocular Spondyloarthritis -- Spondyloarthritis Diagnosis -- Spondyloarthritis Treatment -- Osteoarthritis -- Signs and Symptoms of Osteoarthritis -- Osteoarthritis Diagnosis -- Osteoarthritis Treatment -- Systemic Sclerosis -- Limited Systemic Sclerosis: Signs and Symptoms -- Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis: Signs and Symptoms -- Systemic Sclerosis Diagnosis.

Systemic Sclerosis Treatment.

Systolic and Diastolic Function -- Introduction to the Electrocardiogram -- ECG Abnormalities -- Conduction Blocks and Delays -- Arrhythmias -- Hypertrophy -- Ischemia and Infarction -- Cardiac Testing -- The Cardiac Physical Exam -- Section 2: Lipid Disorders -- Cholesterol Homeostasis and Measurement -- Diagnosis of Dyslipidemias -- Ocular Manifestations of Dyslipidemia -- Treatment of Dyslipidemias -- Comorbid Risk Factors -- Drug Therapy for Dyslipidemia -- Aspirin Therapy -- Atherosclerosis -- Risk Factor Assessment for Arteriosclerosis -- Clinical Manifestations of Atherosclerosis -- Coronary Artery Disease -- Cerebrovascular Disease -- Carotid Artery Disease -- Retinal Artery Occlusion -- Peripheral Vascular Disease -- Overview of Risk Determination and Prevention -- CHAPTER 4:  Intrinsic Cardiovascular Disorders -- Section 1: Cardiac Valvular Disease -- Aortic Valve Stenosis -- Aortic Valve Insufficiency -- Mitral Valve Stenosis -- Mitral Valve Insufficiency -- Marfan Syndrome -- Section 2: Cardiac Complications of Infectious Diseases -- Rheumatic Fever -- Infectious Endocarditis -- Section 3: Cardiomyopathy and Congestive Heart Failure -- Cardiomyopathy -- Congestive Heart Failure -- Cardiac Physiology -- Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction -- Left and Right Heart Failure -- Treatments for Heart Failure -- RAAS Inhibition -- Diuretics -- Beta Blockers -- Fluid Optimization -- Section 4: Cardiac Arrhythmia and Embolic Stroke -- Atrial and Ventricular Fibrillation -- CHAPTER 5:  Diabetes Mellitus -- Diabetes Classification -- Epidemiology of Diabetes -- Pathophysiology: Hormones and Glucose Homeostasis -- Insulin Deficiency and Ketone Production -- Insulin Resistance -- Hypoglycemia -- Diagnosis and Medical Testing in Diabetes -- Common Tests in Diabetes -- Clinical Presentation of Diabetes -- Type 1 Diabetes -- Type 2 Diabetes.

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(Au-PeEL)EBL6882206

(MiAaPQ)EBC6882206

(OCoLC)1230792988