.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

EB

ONLINE

4th ed.

Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer Health, 2020

1 online resource (1501 pages)

ISBN 9781975103248 (electronic bk.)

ISBN 9781975103224

Print version: Bushberg, Jerold T. The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer Health,c2020 ISBN 9781975103224

Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Foreword -- Authors -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Section I: Basic Concepts -- 1 Introduction to Medical Imaging -- 1.1 The Modalities -- 1.2 Digital Imaging Basics -- 1.3 Image Properties -- 2 Radiation and the Atom -- 2.1 Classical Electromagnetism -- 2.2 Electromagnetic Radiation -- 2.3 Behavior of Energy at the Atomic Scale: One of the Most Important Discoveries in the History of Science -- 2.4 Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation -- 2.5 Particulate Radiation -- 2.6 Mass-Energy Equivalence -- 2.7 Structure of the Atom -- 2.8 Radiation from Electron Transitions -- 2.9 The Atomic Nucleus -- 2.10 Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity -- 2.11 Nuclear Binding Energy and Mass Defect -- 3 Interaction of Radiation with Matter -- 3.1 Particle Interactions -- 3.2 X-ray and Gamma d-ray Interactions -- 3.3 Attenuation of X-rays and d-rays -- 3.4 Absorption of Energy from X-rays and d-rays -- 3.5 Imparted Energy, Equivalent Dose, and Effective Dose -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 Image Quality -- 4.1 Spatial Resolution -- 4.2 Contrast Resolution -- 4.3 Noise and Noise Texture -- 4.4 Ratio Measures of Image Quality -- 4.5 Image Quality Measures Based on Visual Performance -- 5 Medical Imaging Informatics -- 5.1 Ontologies, Standards, Profiles -- 5.2 Computers and Networking -- 5.3 Picture Archiving and Communications System -- 5.4 Lifecycle of a Radiology Exam -- 5.5 Radiology from Outside the Department -- 5.6 Security and Privacy -- 5.7 "Big Data" and Data Plumbing -- 5.8 Algorithms for Image and Non-Image Analytics -- 5.9 The Business of Informatics -- 5.10 Beyond Imaging Informatics -- Section II: Diagnostic Radiology -- 6 X-ray Production, Tubes, and Generators -- 6.1 Production of X-rays -- 6.2 X-ray Tubes -- 6.3 X-ray Generators.

11.5 Radiation Dose in Projection Radiography -- 11.6 Radiation Dose in Fluoroscopy -- 11.7 Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography -- 11.8 Dose Reporting Software and Dose Registries -- 11.9 Diagnostic Reference Levels and Achievable Doses -- 11.10 Summary -- 12 Magnetic Resonance Basics: Magnetic Fields, Nuclear Magnetic Characteristics, Tissue Contrast, Image Acquisition -- 12.1 Magnetism, Magnetic Fields, and Magnetic Properties of Materials -- 12.2 MR System -- 12.3 Magnetic Resonance Signal -- 12.4 Magnetization Properties of Tissues -- 12.5 Basic Acquisition Parameters -- 12.6 Basic Pulse Sequences -- 12.7 MR Signal Localization -- 12.8 "k-Space" Data Acquisition and Image Reconstruction -- 12.9 MR Image Characteristics -- 12.10 Summary -- 13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Advanced Image Acquisition Methods, Artifacts, Spectroscopy, Quality Control, Siting, Bioeffects, and Safety -- 13.1 Image Acquisition Time -- 13.2 Fast Imaging Techniques -- 13.3 Signal from Flow -- 13.4 Perfusion and Diffusion Contrast Imaging -- 13.5 Other Advanced Techniques -- 13.6 MR Artifacts -- 13.7 Magnet Siting and Quality Control -- 13.8 MR Bioeffects and Safety -- 14 Ultrasound -- 14.1 Characteristics of Sound -- 14.2 Interactions of Ultrasound with Tissues -- 14.3 Ultrasound Transducers -- 14.4 Ultrasound Beam Properties -- 14.5 Image Data Acquisition and Processing -- 14.6 Image Acquisition -- 14.7 Image Quality, Storage, and Measurements -- 14.8 Doppler Ultrasound -- 14.9 Ultrasound Artifacts -- 14.10 Ultrasound System Performance and Quality Assurance -- 14.11 Acoustic Power and Bioeffects -- Section III: Nuclear Medicine -- 15 Radioactivity and Nuclear Transformation -- 15.1 Radionuclide Decay Terms and Relationships -- 15.2 Nuclear Transformation -- 16 Radionuclide Production, Radiopharmaceuticals, and Internal Dosimetry -- 16.1 Radionuclide Production.

21.8 Regulatory Agencies and Radiation Exposure Limits -- 21.9 Prevention of Errors -- 21.10 Management of Radiation Safety Programs -- 21.11 Imaging of Pregnant and Potentially Pregnant Patients -- 21.12 Medical Emergencies Involving Ionizing Radiation -- Section V: Appendices -- A Fundamental Principles of Physics -- B SI and Derived Units, Physical Constants, Prefixes, Definitions and Conversion Factors, Geometry, and Roman and Greek Symbols Used in Medical Physics -- C Radiologic Data for Elements 1-100 -- D Mass Attenuation Coefficients -- E Effective Doses, Organ Doses, and Fetal Doses from Medical Imaging Procedures -- F Radiopharmaceutical Characteristics and Dosimetry -- G Convolution and Fourier Transforms -- H Radiation Dose: Perspectives and Comparisons -- I Radionuclide Therapy Home Care Guidelines -- Index.

16.2 Radiopharmaceuticals -- 16.3 Internal Dosimetry -- 16.4 Regulatory Issues -- 17 Radiation Detection and Measurement -- 17.1 Types of Detectors and Basic Principles -- 17.2 Gas-Filled Detectors -- 17.3 Scintillation Detectors -- 17.4 Semiconductor Detectors -- 17.5 Pulse Height Spectroscopy -- 17.6 Non-Imaging Detector Applications -- 17.7 Counting Statistics -- 18 Nuclear Imaging-The Gamma Camera -- 18.1 Planar Nuclear Imaging: The Anger Scintillation Camera -- 18.2 Computers in Nuclear Imaging -- 18.3 Summary -- 19 Nuclear Tomographic Imaging-Single Photon and Positron Emission Tomography (SPECT and PET) -- 19.1 Focal Plane Tomography in Nuclear Medicine -- 19.2 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography -- 19.3 Positron Emission Tomography -- 19.4 Dual Modality Imaging-PET/CT, and PET/MRI -- 19.5 Advances in PET Imaging -- 19.6 Clinical Aspects, Comparison of PET and SPECT, and Dose -- Section IV: Radiation Biology and Protection -- 20 Radiation Biology -- 20.1 Overview -- 20.2 Determinants and Classification of the Biologic Response of Radiation -- 20.3 Interaction of Radiation with Cells and Tissue -- 20.4 Molecular and Cellular Response to Radiation -- 20.5 Tissue and Organ System Response to Radiation -- 20.6 Whole-Body Response to Radiation: The Acute Radiation Syndrome -- 20.7 Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis -- 20.8 Hereditary Effects of Radiation Exposure -- 20.9 Radiation Effects In Utero -- 20.10 Radiation Risk Communications -- 21 Radiation Protection -- 21.1 Sources of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation -- 21.2 Personnel Dosimetry -- 21.3 Radiation Detection Equipment in Radiation Safety -- 21.4 Fundamental Principles and Methods of Exposure Control -- 21.5 Structural Shielding of Imaging Facilities -- 21.6 Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional X-ray Imaging -- 21.7 Radiation Protection in Nuclear Medicine.

6.4 Power Ratings, Anode Loading, and Cooling -- 6.5 Factors Affecting X-ray Emission -- 6.6 Summary -- 7 Radiography -- 7.1 Geometry of Projection Radiography -- 7.2 Scattered Radiation in Projection Radiographic Imaging -- 7.3 Technique Factors in Radiography -- 7.4 Scintillators and Intensifying Screens -- 7.5 Absorption Efficiency and Conversion Efficiency -- 7.6 Computed Radiography -- 7.7 Charge-Coupled Device and Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Detectors -- 7.8 Flat Panel Thin-Film-Transistor Array Detectors -- 7.9 Other Considerations When Choosing a Digital Detector System -- 7.10 Radiographic Detectors, Patient Dose, and Exposure Index -- 7.11 Artifacts in Digital Radiography -- 7.12 Special Considerations for Pediatric Digital Radiography -- 7.13 Dual-Energy Subtraction Radiography -- 8 Breast Imaging: Mammography -- 8.1 X-ray Tube Components, Structures, and Operation -- 8.2 Mammography X-ray Generator -- 8.3 Compression, Scattered Radiation, and Magnification -- 8.4 Digital Acquisition Systems -- 8.5 Processing, Viewing, and Analyzing Images -- 8.6 Radiation Dosimetry -- 8.7 Regulatory Requirements -- 8.8 Summary -- 9 Fluoroscopy -- 9.1 Fluoroscopic Imaging Chain Overview -- 9.2 Imaging Chain Components -- 9.3 Fluoroscopic X-ray Source Assembly -- 9.4 Controls -- 9.5 Modes of Operation -- 9.6 Image Processing -- 9.7 Image Quality in Fluoroscopy -- 9.8 Patient Radiation Management -- 9.9 Operator and Staff Radiation Safety -- 9.10 Looking Ahead -- 10 Computed Tomography -- 10.1 Basic Concepts -- 10.2 CT System Designs -- 10.3 Acquisition Modes -- 10.4 Reconstruction -- 10.5 Image Quality in CT -- 10.6 CT Image Artifacts -- 11 X-ray Dosimetry in Projection Imaging and Computed Tomography -- 11.1 X-ray Transmission -- 11.2 Monte Carlo Simulation -- 11.3 The Physics of X-ray Dose Deposition -- 11.4 Dose Metrics.

001905492

express

(Au-PeEL)EBL6882212

(MiAaPQ)EBC6882212

(OCoLC)1298392907