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EB

ONLINE

Havertown : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2020

1 online resource (209 pages)

ISBN 9789201065223 (electronic bk.)

Safety Reports Ser. ; v.100

Print version: IAEA Occupational Radiation Protection in the Uranium Mining and Processing Industry Havertown : International Atomic Energy Agency,c2020

Intro -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Background -- 1.2. Objective -- 1.3. Scope -- 1.4. Structure -- 2. OVERVIEW OF THE URANIUM INDUSTRY AND GENERAL RADIATION PROTECTION -- 2.1. Global uranium production -- 2.2. Overall occupational exposure -- 2.3. Uranium mining and processing stages and techniques -- 2.3.1. Exploration -- 2.3.2. Underground mines -- 2.3.3. Surface mines -- 2.3.4. In situ leaching mines and processing -- 2.3.5. Heap leaching -- 2.3.6. Processing -- 2.3.7. Non-conventional uranium extraction -- 2.3.8. Tailings facilities -- 2.3.9. Transport -- 2.3.10. Decommissioning -- 3. GENERAL RADIATION PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS IN URANIUM MINING AND PROCESSING -- 3.1. International safety standards -- 3.2. Scope of regulation -- 3.3. Responsibilities -- 3.3.1. The government -- 3.3.2. The regulatory body -- 3.3.3. Employers, registrants and licensees (management) -- 3.3.4. Workers -- 3.4. Graded approach to regulation -- 3.5. Specific aspects of radionuclides in the uranium series -- 3.5.1. Uranium series -- 3.5.2. Actinium series -- 3.5.3. Thorium series -- 4. GENERAL METHODOLOGY FOR CONTROL -- 4.1. Occupational health and safety considerations -- 4.1.1. Approach to health and safety: Implementation of a management system -- 4.1.2. Risk management, hazard analysis and control -- 4.1.3. Optimizing protection from radiation and other hazards -- 4.1.4. Safety culture -- 4.1.5. Emergency and non-conformance management -- 4.2. Hierarchy of control -- 4.2.1. Elimination -- 4.2.2. Substitution -- 4.2.3. Engineering -- 4.2.4. Administration -- 4.2.5. Behaviour -- 4.2.6. Personal protective equipment -- 4.3. Dose minimization -- 4.3.1. Time -- 4.3.2. Distance -- 4.3.3. Shielding -- 4.4. Exposure pathways -- 4.4.1. External exposure to gamma radiation -- 4.4.2. Inhalation of radon and radon progeny -- 4.4.3. Inhalation of long lived radionuclide dust.

4.4.4. Contamination control -- 4.4.5. Ingestion, wound contamination and absorption -- 5. MONITORING AND DOSE ASSESSMENT -- 5.1. Objectives of a monitoring programme -- 5.2. Responsibility for the monitoring programme -- 5.3. Types of monitoring programme -- 5.3.1. Demonstration of compliance with regulatory and corporate requirements -- 5.3.2. Operational control -- 5.3.3. Purpose of contamination monitoring -- 5.3.4. Assessment of occupational exposures -- 5.4. General dose considerations -- 5.4.1. Limitation of radiation doses -- 5.4.2. Dose assessment for routine monitoring -- 5.4.3. Dose assessment for non-routine monitoring -- 5.4.4. Pregnant and breastfeeding workers -- 6. RADIATION PROTECTION PROGRAMMES -- 6.1. Exploration -- 6.1.1. Process description -- 6.1.2. Design and operation -- 6.1.3. Principal exposure pathways -- 6.1.4. Control mechanisms -- 6.1.5. Monitoring and dose assessment -- 6.2. Underground mining -- 6.2.1. Process description -- 6.2.2. Design and operation -- 6.2.3. Principal exposure pathways -- 6.2.4. Control mechanisms -- 6.2.5. Monitoring and dose assessment -- 6.3. Surface mining -- 6.3.1. Process description -- 6.3.2. Design and operation -- 6.3.3. Principal exposure pathways -- 6.3.4. Control mechanisms -- 6.3.5. Monitoring and dose assessment -- 6.4. In situ leach mining and processing -- 6.4.1. Process description -- 6.4.2. Design and operation -- 6.4.3. Principal exposure pathways -- 6.4.4. Control mechanisms -- 6.4.5. Monitoring and dose assessment -- 6.5. Heap leaching -- 6.5.1. Process description -- 6.5.2. Design and operation -- 6.5.3. Principal exposure pathways -- 6.5.4. Control mechanisms -- 6.5.5. Monitoring and dose assessment -- 6.6. Processing facilities -- 6.6.1. Process description -- 6.6.2. Design and operation -- 6.6.3. Principal exposure pathways -- 6.6.4. Control mechanisms.

6.6.5. Monitoring and dose assessment -- 6.7. Non-conventional uranium extraction -- 6.7.1. Process description -- 6.7.2. Design and operation -- 6.7.3. Principal exposure pathways -- 6.7.4. Control mechanisms -- 6.7.5. Monitoring and dose assessment -- 6.8. High grade ore mining and processing -- 6.8.1. Process description -- 6.8.2. Design and operation -- 6.8.3. Principal exposure pathways -- 6.8.4. Control mechanisms -- 6.8.5. Monitoring and dose assessment -- 6.9. Uranium tailings facilities -- 6.9.1. Process description -- 6.9.2. Design and operation -- 6.9.3. Principal exposure pathways -- 6.9.4. Control mechanisms -- 6.9.5. Monitoring and dose assessment -- 6.10. Material in transport -- 6.10.1. Process description -- 6.10.2. Design and operation -- 6.10.3. Principal exposure pathways -- 6.10.4. Control mechanisms -- 6.10.5. Monitoring and dose assessment -- 6.11. Decommissioning -- 6.11.1. Process description -- 6.11.2. Design and operation -- 6.11.3. Principal exposure pathways -- 6.11.4. Control mechanisms -- 6.11.5. Monitoring and dose assessment -- Appendix I SURVEY OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM ON URANIUM MINING EXPOSURE (UMEX) -- Appendix II EXTERNAL EXPOSURE TO GAMMA RADIATION -- Appendix III RADON AND RADON PROGENY -- Appendix IV INHALATION OF LONG LIVED RADIONUCLIDES IN AIRBORNE DUST -- Appendix V SURFACE CONTAMINATION -- Appendix VI INGESTION, WOUND CONTAMINATION AND ABSORPTION -- REFERENCES -- Annex IAEA QUESTIONNAIRE ON OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES IN URANIUM MINING AND PROCESSING -- ABBREVIATIONS -- CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW.

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