.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

EB

EB

ONLINE

London : Academic Press, 2022

1 online zdroj

ISBN 9780323854207 (e-kniha)

ISBN 9780323854191 (print)

001932429

Contributors ix // Foreword xiii // Acknowledgments xv // 1. Asthma: From one disease to endotypes - Rachel Nadif, Marine Savoure // 1.1 Introduction 1 // 1.2 History of "asthma" 1 // 1.2.1 From antiquity to the 19th century 1 // 1.2.2 The modern ERA: From the 20th century to the present time 2 // 1.3 Clinical and epidemiological aspects // of asthma 2 // 1.3.1 Clinical aspects of asthma 2 // 1.3.2 Epidemiological aspects of asthma 4 // 1.3.3 From one disease to phenotypes 7 // 1.4 Asthma phenotypes 7 // 1.4.1 Phenotypes according to the age of onset of asthma 7 // 1.4.2 From phenotypes to endotypes 9 // 1.5 Asthma endotypes 9 // 1.5.1 Endotypes from inflammatory and // severe asthma phenotypes 10 // 1.5.2 Endotypes including omics-based // approaches 11 // 1.5.2 Endotypes identified by data-driven methods 11 // 1.6 Conclusion 24 // References 24 // 2. Eosinophilic and noneosinophilic asthma: Beyond severe asthma - Tara R Carr, Sanjay B. Patel // 2.1 Introduction 31 // 2.2 Eosinophilic asthma 31 // 2.2.1 Defining eosinophilic asthma 31 // 2.2.2 Clinical characteristics of eosinophilic asthma 32 // 2.2.3 Mechanisms through which eosinophils contribute to disease 34 // 2.2 Noneosinophilic asthma 36 // 2.2.1 Defining noneosinophilic asthma 36 // 2.2.2 Clinical characteristics of // noneosinophilic asthma 36 // 2.2.3 Mechanisms of noneosinophilic asthma 37 // 2.3 Implications for treatment of asthma 40 // 2.4 Conclusion 40 // References 40 // 3. Airway microbiome and asthma - Orianne Dumas, Laura Toivonen, Zhen Li, // Kohei Hasegawa, Carlos A. Camargo, Jr. // 3.1 Introduction 47 // 3.2 Sampling and characterization of airway microbiome 47 // 3.2.1 Sampling 47 // 3.2.2 Marker gene analysis 48 // 3.2.3 Metagenomic shotgun sequencing 48 // 3.2.4 Statistical analysis 49 // 3.3 Airway microbiota and asthma in adults 49 //

3.3.1 Airway microbiota in patients with asthma versus healthy subjects 49 // 3.3.2 Airway microbiota and asthma // phenotypes 49 // 3.3.3 Conclusion and discussion on airway microbiota in adults 52 // 3.4 Airway microbiota, wheezing and asthma in children 53 // 3.4.1 Wheezing illnesses 53 // 3.4.2 Asthma 53 // 3.4.3 Conclusion and discussion on airway microbiota in children 54 // 3.5 Early life environment and airway microbiota 55 // 3.6 Cut microbiota, airway microbiota and the gut-lung axis in asthma 56 // 3.7 Conclusion and future directions 57 // References 58 // 4. Gender differences and sex-related hormonal factors in asthma - Benedicte Leynaert, Francisco Gomez Real, N. Sabrina Idrose, Shyamali C. Dharmage // 4.1 Introduction 63 // 4.2 Gender differences in asthma, findings from epidemiologic studies 64 // 4.2.1 Asthma prevalence 64 // 4.2.2 Incidence and remission 64 // 4.2.3 Diagnosis 67 // 4.2.4 Severity and phenotypes 67 // 4.3 Hormonal factors: Events associated with changes in sex hormones among women 69 // 4.3.1 Changes in respiratory outcomes with puberty and menarche 69 // 4.3.2 Changes in respiratory outcomes with menstrual cycle 70 // 4.3.3 Changes in respiratory outcomes with oral contraceptive use 71 // 4.3.4 Changes in respiratory outcomes with pregnancy 72 // 4.3.5 Changes in respiratory outcomes with menopause 73 // 4.3.6 Changes in respiratory outcomes // with hormonal treatment for the menopause 74 // 4.4 Hormones and respiratory health 76 // 4.4.1 Overview of findings from experimental studies 76 // 4.4.2 Lung physiology, sex hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin and asthma: Findings from Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials 78 // 4.5 Gender specific determinants of asthma, // beyond sex hormones 80 // 4.5.1 Obesity 80 // 4.5.2 Environment 80 // 4.5.3 Gender and sex hormones 81 // 4.6 Conclusion 81 // References 81 //

5. Diet and asthma - Raphaelle Varraso, Zhen Li, Annabelle Bedard, Carlos A. Camargo, Jr. // 5.1 Introduction 87 // 5.2 Assessment of diet in epidemiological studies 87 // 5.2.1 Tools to assess dietary intakes 87 // 5.2.2 Approaches to analyzing dietary data 88 // 5.3 Windows of exposure and expression, and measurement error 92 // 5.4 Diet and asthma: State of the art 93 // 5.4.1 Dietary antioxidant intake 93 // 5.4.2 Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake 99 // 5.4.3 Vitamin D 102 // 5.4.4 Folates 104 // 5.4.5 Fiber 104 // 5.4.6 Specific food or food groups 107 // 5.4.7 Dietary patterns 112 // 5.5 Complex interrelations between diet, obesity, and physical activity in asthma prevention and management 116 // 5.5.1 State of the art 116 // 5.5.2 The issue of mediation by obesity in the diet-asthma association 117 // 5.5.3 The issue of time-dependent confounding in the interrelations between nutritional factors and asthma 118 // 5.5.4 Epiphenomenon 118 // 5.6 Conclusion and future directions 119 // References 119 // 6. Indoor air and respiratory health: Volatile organic compounds and cleaning products - Lidia Casas, Orianne Dumas, Nicole Le Moual // 6.1 Introduction 135 // 6.2 Exposure assessment of indoor chemicals: // VOCs, SVOCs, and cleaning products 136 // 6.2.1 Exposure assessment of volatile organic compounds 136 // 6.2.2 Exposure assessment of semivolatile // organic compounds 136 // 6.2.3 Cleaning products 137 // 6.3 Respiratory health effects of residential exposure to VOCs, SVOCs, and cleaning products: Results from epidemiological // 6.3.1 Respiratory effects of volatile organic compounds 138 // 6.3.2 Respiratory effects of semivolatile organic compounds 140 // 6.3.3 Cleaning products 141 // 6.4 Conclusions on respiratory health effects of cleaning products 145 // 6.5 Conclusion and future directions 145 // References 146 //

7 Outdoor air pollution and asthma in a changing climate - Benedicte Jacquemin, Emilie Burte, Marine Savoure, Joachim Heinrich // 7.1 General introduction 151 // 7.2 Air pollution and asthma 152 // 7.2.1 Main air pollutants 152 // 7.2.2 Short-term effect on asthma 153 // 7.2.3 Long-term air pollution and asthma 153 // 7.2.4 Susceptibility factors 160 // 7.2.5 Burden of air pollution exposure on asthma 161 // 7.2.6 Possible mechanisms 161 // 7.2.7 Causality 162 // 7.3 Asthma and air pollution in the context of climate change 163 // 7.3.1 Air pollution and climate change 164 // 7.3.2 Climate change and asthma 165 // 7.3.3 Interaction between climate change, air pollution, and asthma 166 // 7.4 General conclusion 167 // References 168 // 8. Genetic and epigenetic links to asthma risk - Andreanne Morin, Carole Ober, Nathan Schoettler // 8.1 Introduction 173 // 8.2 Asthma gene discovery through genomewide association studies 173 // 8.2.1 Beyond SNP associations 174 // 8.2.2 Genetic associations of asthma subphenotypes 176 // 8.2.3 Take-home messages from GWASs of asthma 177 // 8.3 The role of rare and loss-of-function variants in asthma 177 // 8.3.1 Rare LOF variants in the ADRB2 gene are associated with severe asthma 178 // 8.3.2 A rare LOF variant in the IL33 gene is associated with eosinophilia and asthma 181 // 8.3.3 Nonsense mutations in the FLC gene are associated with asthma 182 // 8.3.4 A common LOF variant in CSDMB confers protection from asthma 182 // 8.3.5 Take-home messages from rare variant and loss-of-function mutation studies 183 // 8.4 Epigenomic studies of asthma 183 // 8.4.1 Methods for studying DNAm 184 // 8.4.2 Overview of DNAm studies in asthma 184 // 8.4.3 Take-home messages from DNAm studies in asthma 189 // 8.5 Conclusions and future directions 189 // References 190 //

9. Asthma and COPD: distinct diseases or components of a continuum? - Clemence Martin, Guillaume Chassagnon, Sven Günther, Stefanie Habib, Jean Pastre, Pierre-Régis Burgel, Nicolas Roche // 9.1 Introduction 195 // 9.2 Asthma, COPD, overlap: definitions and basic epidemiology 196 // 9.2.1 Definitions 196 // 9.2.2 Burden 196 // 9.3 Natural history of and risk factors for obstructive airways diseases, from childhood to advanced age 197 // 9.3.1 From early life and childhood to adult asthma and COPD 198 // 9.3.2 Common and specific risk factors 199 // 9.3.3 Asthma and COPD in adults 200 // 9.3.4 Asthma and COPD in the elderly 201 // 9.4 Shared and distinct underlying mechanisms 201 // 9.4.1 Small airways obstruction 201 // 9.4.2 Microbial environment 201 // 9.4.3 Inflammatory pathways and their biomarkers 202 // 9.5 Clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges 203 // 9.5.1 Major clinical phenotypes 204 // 9.5.2 Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) 204 // 9.6 Physiological similarities and differences between asthma and COPD 204 // 9.7 The role of imaging in the assessment of chronic airways diseases 205 // 9.7.1 Computed tomography (CT) signs of bronchial involvement 205 // 9.7.2 Specific features of COPD 206 // 9.7.3 Particular features of ACO 206 // 9.7.4 Indications of imaging in clinical routine and research settings 206 // 9.8 Therapeutic implications 206 // 9.8.1 Inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled bronchodilators 206 // 9.8.2 Biologies targeting type 2 inflammation 207 // 9.8.3 Add-on, nonbiologic therapies 207 // 9.9 Conclusions 208 // References 208

(OCoLC)1344187792