Contents // INTRODUCTION Before We Start 1 // 1 One Perspective: A Way of Looking at the World 9 // 2 Two Blades of a Scissors: Regional and Topical Geography 27 // 3 Three Strands of Meaning: Facts, Theories, and Values 43 // 4 Four Cornerstones: Foundation Ideas of Geography 94 // 5 Five Themes: Meeting the Standards 135 // 6 Spatial Thinking: Geographical Skills 147 1 // 7 Three Kinds of Tests for Three Kinds of Meaning 200 // 8 Geography in the Curriculum: Surviving Top-Down Educational Reform 220 // 9 A Multiwheeled Cart: Supporting Teachers 255 // 10 Pairs of Tools, Working Together 275 // 11 Helping to Build a Palace 301 // AFTERWORD 47% of Our High-School Seniors Cannot Find China on a Map 310 // APPENDIX Some Facts Every Geography Student Should Know for Perspective 312 // References 314 // Glossary and Index 318 // About the Author 331 // About the CD 332 ix